What Are The Factors That Can Work Against Linear Scale Up In A Transaction Processing System?which Of The Factors Are Likely To Be The Most Important In Each Of The Following Architectures: Shared Memory, Shared Disk, And Shared Nothing?

Suppose A Transaction Is Written In C With Embedded Sql, And About 80 Percent Of The Time Is Spent In The Sql Code, With The Remaining 20 Percent Spent In C Code. How Much Speed Up Can One Hope To Attain If Parallelism Is Used Only For The Sql Code?

Suppose You Were In Charge Of The Database Operations Of A Company Whose Main Job Is To Process Transactions. Suppose The Company Is Growing Rapidly Each Year, And Has Outgrown Its Current Computer System. When You Are Choosing A New Parallel Computer, What Measure Is Most Relevant-speed Up, Batch Scale Up, Or Transaction Scale Up?why?

What Is Lock De-escalation, And Under What Conditions Is It Required?why Is It Not Required If The Unit Of Data Shipping Is An Item?

Instead Of Storing Shared Structures In Shared Memory, An Alternative Architecture Would Be To Store Them In The Local Memory Of A Special Process, And Access The Shared Data By Inter Process Communication With The Process. What Would Be The Drawback Of Such An Architecture?

Why Is It Relatively Easy To Port A Database From A Single Processor Machine To A Multiprocessor Machine If Individual Queries Need Not Be Parallelized?

Explain The Difference Between A System Crash And A “disaster.”?

Compare The Shadow-paging Recovery Scheme With The Log-based Recovery Schemes In Terms Of Ease Of Implementation And Overhead Cost?

Explain The Difference Between The Three Storage Types-volatile, Nonvolatile, And Stable-in Terms Of I/o Cost?

Devise A Time Stamp-based Protocol That Avoids The Phantom Phenomenon?