Explain The Phantom Phenomenon. Why May This Phenomenon Lead To An Incorrect Concurrent Execution Despite The Use Of The Two-phase Locking Protocol?

If Deadlock Is Avoided By Deadlock Avoidance Schemes, Is Starvation Still Possible?

Under What Conditions Is It Less Expensive To Avoid Deadlock Than To Allow Deadlocks To Occur And Then To Detect Them?

Under A Modified Version Of The Timestamp Protocol, We Require That A Commit Bit Be Tested To See Whether A Read Request Must Wait. Explain How The Commit Bit Can Prevent Cascading Abort. Why Is This Test Not Necessary For Write Requests?

Consider The Validation-based Concurrency-control. Show That By Choosing Validation(ti), Rather Than Start(ti), As The Time Stamp Of Transaction Ti, We Can Expect Better Response Time Provided That Conflict Rates Among Transactions Are Indeed Low?

Use Of Multiple-granularity Locking May Require More Or Fewer Locks Than An Equivalent System With A Single Lock Granularity. Provide Examples Of Both Situations, And Compare The Relative Amount Of Concurrency Allowed.

Although Six Mode Is Useful In Multiple-granularity Locking, An Exclusive And Intend-shared (xis) Mode Is Of No Use. Why Is It Useless?

In Multiple-granularity Locking, What Is The Difference Between Implicit And Explicit Locking?

When A Transaction Is Rolled Back Under Time Stamp Ordering, It Is Assigned A New Time Stamp. Why Can It Not Simply Keep Its Old Time Stamp?

In Time Stamp Ordering,w-time Stamp(q) Denotes The Largest Time Stamp Of Any Transaction That Executed Write(q) Successfully. Suppose That, Instead, We Defined It To Be The Time Stamp Of The Most Recent Transaction To Execute Write(q) Successfully.would This Change In Wording Make Any Difference?