Which law of thermodynamics governs the spontaneity of reactions? 

1. The 2^nd Law 

2. There is no thermodynamic law associated with reaction spontaneity. 

3. The 1^st Law 

4. The 0^th Law 

5. The 3^rd Law

Consider the following specific heats: copper, 0.384 J/g·◦C; lead, 0.159 J/g·◦C; water, 4.18 J/g·◦C; glass, 0.502 J/g· ◦C. Which substance, once warmed, would be more likely to maintain its heat and keep you warm through a

long football game on a cold night? 

1. glass 

2. lead 

3. copper 

4. water

Calculate the standard reaction enthalpy for the reaction of calcite with hydrochloric acid

CaCO₃(s) + 2 HCl(aq) →

CaCl₂(aq) + H₂O(ℓ) + CO₂(g)

The standard enthalpies of formation are: 

for CaCl₂(aq) : −877.1 kJ/mol; 

for H₂O(ℓ) : −285.83 kJ/mol; 

for CO₂(g) : −393.51 kJ/mol; 

for CaCO₃(s) : −1206.9 kJ/mol; and 

for HCl(aq) : −167.16 kJ/mol.

1. −72.7 kJ/mol 

2. −38.2 kJ/mol 

3. −215 kJ/mol 

4. −116 kJ/mol 

5. −165 kJ/mol 

6. −15.2 kJ/mol 

 7. −98.8 kJ/mol

How much mass is there approximately in 1 L of mercury (Hg)? 

The shaft work in a pump to increase the pressure is small compared to the shaft work in an air compressor for the same pressure increase. Why?  

 In a steady state single flow s is either constant or it increases. Name the process.

A flow of water at some velocity out of a nozzle is used to wash a car. The water then falls to the ground. What happens to the water state in terms of V, T and s? 

Graph below show the entropy versus energy U of two system 1 and 2 at constant volume. The initial energies of the systems are indicated by U₁, i and U₂, i,

State thermodynamic definition of work. Also differentiate between heat and work.

A manometer shows a pressure difference of 1 m of liquid mercury. Find ∆P in kPa.