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The Universal Declaration of human rights was passed by the UN General Assembly in 1948.

Yes, there is a State Human Rights Commission in our state. 

A Human Rights Commission, also known as a Human Relations Commission is a body set up to investigate, promote or protect human rights. 

Its activities are 

1. Inquire into any violation of human rights. 

2. Look into negligence in the prevention of human rights violation by a public servant. 

3. They can take cognizance either sumotu or on a petition presented to it or on an order of a court.

4. They intervene in any proceeding involving allegation of violation of human rights pending before a court etc.

1. Arbitrary arrests 

2. Denial of right to information and corruption 

3. Sexual cruelty 

4. Rape of women 

5. Delay in investigation of crimes 

6. Female infanticide 

7. Kidnapping for ransom 

8. Deplorable conditions of women, children and downtrodden people 

9. Discrimination against women in the family 

10. Cruelty to domestic servants

The above are some instances of the violations of human rights. These violations continue unchecked because people are not aware of their human rights.

Correct option is C) Canada

The universal declaration of Human Rights was proposed by U.N.O

In 1931 Vietnam become the third-largest exporter of rice in the world.

In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals may occur in cracks, crevices, faults and joints.

I. 1. One factory was emitting dangerous gases and health of the people was effected. 

2. A public interest litigation is filed in the court. 

3. The factory was forced to close down. As it is against the fundamental right of Right to life.

II. 1. One child was working as a domestic servant in a family. 

2. The family members went on a tour for two days. 

3. The child (servant) was kept in the house and the door was locked from outside.

4. The neighbours recognized it. Given a complaint to the police.

5. The police broke open the doors and a case was filed against the head of the family.

(D) New Delhi

B) Jawaharlal Nehru

D) marriage and divorce

• Police generally file a case on any person who had committed a crime. 
• He has to submit the accused in the case before the court. 
• The court decides whether a person is guilty or not. And finally gives judgement.

The steps taken by the French for the development of the “Mekong Delta Region” are as follows:

1) The French started with the construction of large canals in the Mekong Delta Region.

2) The projects were undertaken for the easy and smooth movement of goods from one region to the other.

3) They build canals and drained lands to increase rice cultivation.

4) Construction of the Trans Indo China rail network was undertaken to connect the northern and southern parts of Vietnam and China.

5) A second line was built between Vietnam and Siam.

For the constant supply of natural resources and other essential goods colonies used to annex other countries and the custom was followed by French also. The French in order to expand its territories began building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta to increase cultivation. The vast system of irrigation works—canals and earthworks—built with forced labour, increased the production of rice and allowed the export of rice to the international market. The area under rice cultivation went up from 274,000 hectares in 1873 to 1.1 million hectares in 1900 and 2.2 million in 1930. By 1931, Vietnam became the third largest exporter of rice in the world.

The French began building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta for increased cultivation. This was done under a garb to “civilise” Vietnam on a European model, but it was actually an economic idea meant to increase rice production and subsequent export of rice to the international market

(C) Sue motu

Problems of environmental pollution:

• Urbanization is the result of industrialization. Uncontrolled growth in industries increases pollution to manifolds.
• This also results in dirt and filth which eventually leads to various diseases. For example, more than 50% of poor population suffers from skin and respiratory diseases in big developed cities.

The French government took several steps to develop agriculture in Vietnam. Three among them are given below:

(i) A network of canals was built. Drawing of lands in the Mekong delta was started in order to increase cultivation.

(ii) The vast system of irrigation works canals and earthworks—built mainly with forced labour, increased rice production and allowed the export of rice to the international market. 

(iii) The area under rice cultivation went up from 274000 hectares in 1873 to 1.1 million hectares in 1900 and 2.2 million in 1930. 

(iv) Vietnam exported 2/3rd of its rice production to the international market. 

(v) Vietnam became the third largest exporter of rice in the world.

The Mughal ruler Akbar the Great divided the Punjab into two provinces.

French wanted to introduce infrastructural projects in Vietnam because :
(i) The objectives were to ensure regular supply of natural resources and other necessary goods.
(ii) The French took up the development to make more profits.
They were successful as :
(i) They began to build canals and draining lands in the Mekong Delta to increase cultivation.
(ii) They ensured transportation network-railroads to transport goods for trade, move military garrisons and control the entire region.

The French wanted to exploit the natural resources of Vietnam to ensure high level of profits for their business. So, they started to develop the infrastructural projects in the country.

The French wanted to exploit the natural resources of Vietnam. For this, it took several measures: 

(i) The French started building canals and draining lands in the Mekong delta area to increase cultivation. The vast system of irrigation works (canals and earthworks) increased the production of rice. 

(ii) This was followed by infrastructure projects to help transport goods for trade, move military garrisons and control the entire region. Construction of a TransIndo-China rail network that would link the northern and southern parts of Vietnam and China was begun.

(iii) The French also owned the rubber plantations. They set up rail and port facilities to service this sector.

Vietnam’s religious beliefs were a mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism, and local practices. It was challenged by the introduction of Christianity by French Missionaries.

Education was seen as one way to civilise the people of Vietnam.

(i) Civilising Mission: The French claimed that they were bringing modern civilisation to the Vietnamese. They took for granted that Europe had developed the most advanced civilisation. So, it became the duty of the Europeans to introduce modern ideas to the colony even if it meant destroying local cultures, religions and traditions. 

(ii) To Counter the Chinese Influence: Chinese culture dominated Vietnam. The cities in Vietnam were powerfully influenced by Chinese culture. To consolidate their power, the French had to counter this Chinese influence. So, they systematically dismantled the traditional educational system and established French schools for the Vietnamese. 

(iii) To Create An Asiatic France: The French wanted to educate the people of Vietnam to create an Asiatic France which would solidly tied to European France. They thought that the educated people in Vietnam would respect French sentiments and ideals, see the superiority of French culture, and work for the French.

Rats were most common in the modern, newly built areas of Hanoi because the modern and apparently hygienic sewage system provided ideal breeding grounds for rodents apart from being a good transport system as well, for the rats. Sewage from the old city was drained out into the river or overflowed in the streets during heavy rains. The large sewers now became a protected breeding and living space for rats. Hanoi, despite its “modernity”, became the chief cause of the plague in 1903.

(a) To counter the Chinese influence, French took these steps :
(i) Dismantled the traditional education system.
(ii) Established French schools for Vietnamese.
(b) The two broad opinions were :

(i) Some emphasized the need to use the French language as a medium of instruction.
(ii) Others were opposed to French being the only medium of instruction. They suggested French to be taught in higher classes and Vietnamese in lower classes. The few who learnt French and acquired French culture were to be rewarded with French citizenship.

The founder of the Hoa Hoa movement was Huyn Phi So. He founded the movement in 1939. 

He contributed majorly for his country. His contribution is as follows:

1) It criticised the useless expenses done on useless things. It had a wide reach.

2) The movement stood for the child and opposed the sale of a child bride.

3) It helped the poor and needy people.

4) The founder opposed gambling, use of alcohol and opium.

Nghe An and Ha Tinh provinces of Vietnam were among the poorest and had an old radical tradition.

An American actress and a political activist Jane Fonda visited Vietnam and praised the people of Vietnam for their heroic effort.

Explanation: She is a writer as well. Her activities in the anti-war movement resulted at the end of her screen career in the United States.

In 1930 Ho Chi Minh form the Vietnamese Communist Party

The founder of the Society was Phan Boi Chan.

Explanation: Phan Boi Chan formed a society named “THE REFORMATION SOCIETY”.

In 1903 modern Hanoi was struck by bubonic plague.

Explanation: It was a disease caused by rats. The main was their increasing numbers in sewers.

(c) It was struck by bubonic plague.

Phan Boi Chau formed a revolutionary organisation which was called the “Revolutionary Society” in the year 1903.

Explanation: This movement was started to free Vietnam from the French Colonial rule.

The French systematically dismantled the traditional educational system and established French schools for the Vietnamese.

1. In the pre-British period, laws were different from place to place. 

2. There was difference in judgement on the basis of casteism. 

3. A committee was set up to create a uniform code of law under the leadership of Lord Macaulay. 

4. The Indian Penal Code was enforced all over British India with British principle of Equality before Law.

The British introduced the principle of ‘equality before law’ in the administration of justice all over British India.

(b) Foreign Investment

A coup led by Ngo Dinh Diem of the United Opposition Parties called the National Liberation Front.

Correct option is A) Ngo Diem

(i) Vietnam initially was under the shadow of China.
(ii) Even after independence Vietnam followed Chinese culture and their form of government.

(iii) Chinese was the language of the elite and Confucianism was followed by a majority of Vietnamese. The Vietnamese Scholar Phan Boi Chau was educated in Confucian tradition.

1. The year 1991 ushered a new era of the economic liberalization.

2. India took major decision to improve the performance of the industrial sector.

3. The Tenth and Eleventh five year plans witnessed a high growth rate of industrial production.

4. The abolition of Industrial licensing, dismantling of price controls, dilution of reservation of small scale industries.

5. Virtual abolition of monopoly law enabled Indian industry to flourish,

6. The new policy welcomes foreign investments.

1. The ‘Dual Government’ system was introduced by Robert Clive in Bengal in 1765. 

2. But, sometimes, the officers of the company pocketed money. 

3. As monopoly of trade was given to East India Company, many trading companies in England envied them.

4. The working system of the company was criticised in the British Parliament. So, to keep control on the affairs of the company, the British Parliament introduced some laws.

Handicraft:

Something you make with your own hands, especially an ornament or decoration, is a handicraft. Instead, items made by artisans like pottery, handwoven blankets, handmade jewellery and quilts stitched by hand are all examples of handicrafts.

Machine made Products:

Machine made Products are produced faster and all are exactly the same. Machine manufacturing is faster and more economical. Also machine made goods are cheaper than hand made goods.

Some specialized goods produced by the traditional crafts are: 

1. Cotton textiles 

2. Muslin 

3. Wool 

4. Silk and 

5. Metal articles

The Assam Tea Company was founded in 1839

(c) East India Company