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Suppose vol. of 200mg of air at 17°C =V mL

Apply Charle‘s Law V₁/ T₁=V₂/ T₂

V₁/ 290 = V₂/390 

V₂ =1.34 V₁ ,

volume of air expelled = 1.34 V₁ –V₁ =o.34 V₁ mL

% of air expelled: 0.34 V₁x 100 /V₁ = 34%

Liquid state is the intermediate state between solid state and gaseous state.

The T_c and P_c values of water are very high compared to the room temperature and common atmospheric pressure. As a result, water exists in liquid state under ordinary condition of temperature and pressure.

CO₂ cannot be liquefied at 32°C by applying a pressure of 80 atm. This is because the temperature is greater than critical temperature of CO₂.

It means that CO₂ cannot be liquefied above 30.98°C which is its critical temperature(T_c). Critical pressure(P_c) – it is the pressure required to liquefy the gas at critical temperature. Critical volume( V_c) – it is the volume of one mole of the gas at T_c and P_c.

Higher the pressure to which a liquid is exposed, higher will be its boiling point. The pressure to which water is exposed is maximum in the pressure cooker and minimum in the evacuated vessel. Therefore, boiling point of water is highest in a pressure cooker and lowest in an evacuated vessel.

i. 50 °C and 73 atm represent a condition for CO₂ above its T_c . Therefore, under this condition CO₂ exists only as single phase.

ii. 20° C and 50 atm represent a condition for CO₂ below its T_c . Therefore, under this condition two phases of CO₂ , namely, liquid and gas can coexist.

• Imperialist countries commercialised the cultivation. Due to that colonial countries were impoverished.
• No development took place in these countries. 
• These countries could not develop industrially.

Attitudes towards colonialism have varied greatly from time to time and from place to place. I think this is ever present truth that the strong dominate the weak. 

If I were a citizen of Britian or as Indian I strongly oppose this colonisation. Because every living being in this world has the freedom in the world. So I don’t like to arrest the others’ freedom.

I think that the Latin American countries remained undeveloped despite getting independence form colonial rule due to the following reasons : 

1. Poverty, 

2. Corruption, 

3. Lack of a manufacturing base, 

4. Drugs, 

5. Poor leadership and 

6. The U.S.A.

• Most of the countries were self-sufficient before colonization.
• These colonies were impoverished during colonial powers.

Crops cultivated : 

• They were cultivating food crops and the colonies in all three continents were forced to cultivate commercial crops. 
• There were shortage of food items and famines and droughts were frequent.

Religion : 

• In Asia people were Hindus, Muslims and Buddhists. In Indonesia Muslims were massacred and forced to convert into Roman Catholism. 
• In other continents also the Catholic Church played important role in the governance of the colonies.

Use of natural resources : 

• All the natural resources like gold, diamonds, silver, iron, coal, tin, rubber, silk, copper were plundered and taken into their countries. 
• Colonial powers developed industries in their countries with these resources.

A person having both antigen A and antigen B on the surface of RBCs belongs to blood group AB.

Correct Answer is : (d) B, Anti A

The macrophages of the central nervous system are the Microglia.

(b) Kupffer cells

(a) Taxonomic Key

(v) Assertion is wrong statement reason is correct statement.

1. Rhizobium

2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

3. Methano bacterium 

4. Lactobacillus

1. LAB (Lactic Acid Bacteria)

2. Increasing Vit. B₁₂ , Check disease causing microbes in stomach.

i.

a. Lactic acid;

b. increased vitamin B₁₂

ii. Lactic Acid Bacteria

Lactic acid bacteria improves the nutritional quality by increasing Vitamin B₁₂.

When a small amount of curd as starter is added to fresh milk, millions of lactic acid bacteria(LAB) present in the starter grow in milk and convert it to curd. During this process, acids are produced by LAB that coagulate and partially digest the milk proteins.

LAB increases vitamin B₁₂ content along with other vitamins in the curd.

Innoculum contains Lactobacilli which curdles milk into curd with lactic acid. Lactobacillus converts lactose sugar of milk into lactic acid which causes coagulation and partial digestion of milk protein casein as a result milk gets changed into curd.

• The cells of the epidermis are flat and polygonal and there are no intercellular spaces between them. 
• A single continuous layer is formed. 
• The epidermis is covered by a waxy cuticle.

1. We know that starch, fats and proteins are present in food. 

2. They are also present in plants. 

3. Plants produce sugar first, which is converted to starch and then another compound as well. 

4. But plants need other nutrient elements to do this.

1. We agree with Von Helmont. 

2. If nutrients absorbed by plants from soil is equal to the mass of the plant by now all the nutrients in the soil might have exhausted. 

3. Plants are oxygen factories providing enough oxygen in the atmosphere for living organism to survive. 

4. Plants prepare their own food and for others by the process of photosynthesis making use of sunlights.

1. The main nutrients needed are nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. 

2. Plants require many other nutrient elements as well, but these are needed only in minute quantities. 

3. Hence, they are called micronutrients. 

4. Plants absorb these nutrient elements from the soil through their roots.

Correct option is D) parasitic plant

Correct option is (ii) parasite

Cuscuta takes food from the plant on which it is climbing.

एक बिन्दु बिम्ब तथा एक समतल दर्पण लीजिए। बिन्दु बिम्ब को केन्द्र मानते हुए तथा दर्पण को स्पर्श करते हुए एक वृत्त खींचिए। यह बिम्ब से चलकर दर्पण तक पहुँचने वाले गोलीय तरंगाग्र का समतलीय भाग है। अब t समय पश्चात् दर्पण की उपस्थिति में तथा अनुपस्थिति में इस तरंगाग्र की स्थितियाँ आरेखित कीजिए। इस प्रकार दर्पण के दोनों ओर सर्वत्रसम चाप प्राप्त होंगे। इनमें से एक परावर्तित तरंगाग्र है। (पहचानिए)। सरल ज्यामिति के उपयोग से देखा जा सकता है कि परावर्तित तरंगाग्र का केन्द्र (बिम्ब को प्रतिबिम्ब) दर्पण से बिम्ब के बराबर दूरी पर है।

(i) यान्त्रिक, अनुदैर्घ्य

(ii) 2.0 x 10⁸ मी/से

(ii) 2.0 x 10⁸ मीटर/सेकण्ड

बूस्टर के नियम से, n = tan i_p 

बूस्टर कोण अर्थात् ध्रुवण कोण i_p = tan^-1 (n) 

यहाँ n = 1.5 अतः i_p = tan-1 (1.5) = 56.3°

Total electric flux through the surface = \(\cfrac{q}{\varepsilon_0}\)

As charge remains unchanged when size of balloon increases, electric flux through the surface remains unchanged.

electric flux through this surface Zero.

By symmetry, the flux through each of the six faces of the cube will be same when charge q is placed at its centre.

\(\therefore\varphi E=\cfrac16.\cfrac{Q}{\varepsilon_0}\) 

Thus, electric flux passing through two opposite faces of the cube = 2.\(\cfrac16.\cfrac{q}{\varepsilon_0}\)

(a) as q₁ is negative, so Q will attract q₁.

(d) as the net charge enclosed by all figures is same and flux = q/ɛ

(a) as electric field is moves +ve to -ve and always normal to the surface.

Given,

The Charge on the 1^st sphere and 2^nd sphere is q₁ = 2 x 10^-7 C and q₂ = 3 x 10^-7 C

The distance between two charges is given by r = 30cm = 0.3m

The electrostatic force between the spheres is given by the relation :

F = 1/4πϵ_o​ x q₁​q_2​​/r²

Here,

ϵ_o​ = permittivity of free space and,

1/4πϵ_o​ = 9 x 10⁹ Nm²C^-2   

Force, F = 9x10⁹x2x10^-7x3x10^-7 / (0.3)²​ = 6 x 10^‑3 N.

The force between the charges will be repulsive as they have the same nature.

a) Central nervous system 

b) Autonomous nervous system 

c) Sympathetic nervous system 

d) Parasympathetic nervous system

Diamagnetic substances are

(i) Bi

(ii) Cu.

1. Diamagnetism 

2. Diamagnetism 

3. Ferro magnetism 

4. Ferro magnetism

Diamagnetism is due to orbital motion of electrons developing magnetic moments opposite to applied field and hence is not much affected by temperature.

Paramagnetic and ferromagnetism is due to alignments of atomic magnetic moments in the direction of the applied field. As temperature increases, this alignment is disturbed and hence susceptibilities of both decrease as temperature increases.

1. the labels A, B, C: 

• A – Magnetic equator 
• B – Magnetic axis 
• C – Declination 

2. Isogonic lines

3. Horizontal component of earth’s magnetic field is 

B = B_H cosδ

0.25 × 10^-4 = 0.5 × 10^-4 δ

δ = 60°

Vertical component of earth’s magnetic field is

Bv = B sin δ = 0.5 × 10^-4 sin 60 = 0.43 × 10^-4 T.

(a) 1/T

Explanation : According to Curie’s law X ∝\(\frac{1}{T}\)