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In basidiomycetes, clamp connections are formed to maintain dikaryotic condition.

The success and dominance of vascular plants is due to the development of. 

1. Extensive root system. 

2. Efficient conducting tissues. 

3. Cuticle to prevent desiccation. 

4. Stomata for effective gaseous exchange. 

• Medullosa, 
• Lepidocarpon 
• Lepidodendron. 

• Amber is a plant secretion that is a efficient preservative that doesn't get degraded and hence can preserve remains of extinct life forms. 
• The amber is produced by Pinites succinifera, a Gymnosperm.

Jurassic and Cretaceous periods of Mesozoic era. 

• Siphonogamy refers to the development of pollen tubes for the transfer of male nuclei to egg cell.

Correct Answer is: (C) RNA polymerase III 

RNA polymerase III is involved in transcription of tRNA, 5Sr RNA and Sn RNA of eukaryotes.

Wing of cockroach. (All others are anatomical evidences, they are homologous organs.)

• Protostele - Protostele is a type of stele in which xylem surrounds phloem. 
• Plectostele is a type of proto stele in which xylem plates alternate with phloem plates. 

Eg : Lycopodium clavatum

Correct Answer is: (C) Cytosine and Uracil

The pyrimidines in DNA are cytosine and thymine; in RNA, they are cytosine and Uracil.

The plains are fertile and are the main cause of prosperity of Punjab.

The plains of the Punjab consisted of five Doabs before its partition in 1947.

Semiconductor is refined by zone refining method which is based on the principle that the impurities are more soluble in molten than in the solid state of metals.

(i) The primitive unit cell consists of one atom at each of the 8 corners; each atom is thus shared by 8 unit cells. Hence n = 8 x (1/8) = 1 

(ii) The b.c.c unit cell consists of 8 atoms at the 8 corners and one atom at the centre. At each corner only 1/8^th of the atom is within the unit cell. Thus the contribution of the 8 corners is 8 x (1/8) = 1 while that of the body-centred atom is 1. Hence, n = 1+1 =2

(iii) The 8 atoms at the corners contribute 8 x (1/8) = 1 atom. There is one atom each of the 6 faces, which is shared by 2 unit cells each. Therefore, the contribution face-centred atoms = 6x (1/2) = 3 Hence, n = 1+3 = 4. 

Correct Answer is: (a) 12 

In a unit cell, an atom's coordination number is the number of atoms it is touching. The hexagonal closest packed (hcp) has a coordination number of 12 and contains 6 atoms per unit cell. The face-centred cubic (fcc) has a coordination number of 12 and contains 4 atoms per unit cell.

Correct option is B) 136

Correct option is B) Srilanka

D) All of the above

1. The aspects that are considered in measuring human development are per capita income by World Bank. 

2. Along with per capita income, the education levels of people and health status are considered by the UNDP. 

3. There are other aspects to be considered. 

4. Standard of life is one aspect to be considered. 

5. Another aspect to be considered is the availability of electricity. 6. Transportation is also one among them. 

7. Sanitation facilities is one such aspect.

8. Availability of irrigation facilities and housing etc. are few other aspects to be considered in measuring human development.

D) disparities among countries

Net Attendance Rate: 

Out of the total number of children in the age group 6- 17 years the percentage of children attending school.

HDI: Human Development Index

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX 

1. We use averages for comparison. 

2. Averages are better indicators than total. 

3. There are limitations to their use. 

4. They also hide disparities. 

5. They do not tell us how the total is distributed among people. 

6. They do not necessarily convey more equitable distribution.

7. Example:

8. Both the countries have the same average income of ₹ 25,000 

9. Country X-has more equitably distributed income. 

10. Country Y has one rich and more poor persons.

1. Both the government and the people of Himachal Pradesh are keen on education. 

2. The government started schools and filled them with minimum facilities like teachers, classrooms, toilets and drinking water, etc. 

3. The government spent the highest on the education of each child. 

4. The people of Himachal Pradesh showed less gender bias. 

5. Himachali women worked outside and had greater say in children’s education, health, birth and upkeep, etc. 

6. Himachali women have high involvement in social life and village politics. 

7. The above were not the same with Punjab. 

8. Thus, even with low per capita income Himachal Pradesh has a better human development ranking than Punjab.

C) Himachal Pradesh

A) Low income countries

Out of every 100 girls above 6 years of age, 39 girls had studied beyond the primary level in Himachal Pradesh in the year 1993. By the year 2006, this proportion reached 60 out of 100. For India as a whole, the proportion of boys who had studied beyond the primary level was only 57 out of 100 in the year 2006.

Correct option is C) Nepal

Expected years of schooling: 

Number of years of schooling that a child at school entrance age can expect to receive given the present enrollment rates.

• The schooling revolution in Himachal Pradesh provided infrastructure in education, and, both the government and society complemented each other to achieve great indicators of education.
• In the year 2005, the average spending on education by the government in Indian states was Rs. 1,049 per child, Himachal Pradesh was spending Rs. 2,005 per child.

a) Norway, America.

b) Srilanka, China.

c) India, Bangladesh, Pakistan.

d) The reasons for having less average schooling in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan are 

1. Poverty,
2. More rural population,
3. No awareness with regard to literacy.

1. The Government of India is going on with the Nuclear Power Project of the Kundankulum. 

2. The aim of the project is to generate nuclear power to meet the growing energy needs of the people. 

3. The fisher folks of this area are protesting against the project on the grounds of safety, security and livelihood. 

4. Hence the ideas on development are different for different people. 

5. Development for one may not be the development for other. 

6. Here the ideas on development of government is conflicting with the interests of the local people.

On the grounds of safety, security and livelihood, the people protested against the project. 

(OR) 

To protect their cost from radio active peril people opposed it.

1. Kudankulam people have protested on the grounds of safety, security and livelihood. 

2. They also want their coast and country protected from the radio active peril.

Dawn was about to break and there was a cordon around Victoria terminus to keep crowds at bay. As she walked along with the platform, she saw Maulana Azad sitting at a window in a compartment of the special train and stopped to talk to him.

(a) Things of beauty mentioned in the above lines are the heroic and inspiring tales of the might emperors or other awe-inspiring tales of people and their noble deeds.

(b) The poet uses the image of ‘an endless fountain’ being showered from the heaven. He calls it an immortal drink.

Breathing – Wreathing are the rhyming words.

a. We are wreathing a flowering band everyday

b. We wreathe it to bind us to the earth

The Thirsty Crow 

Once there lived a crow. One day it was very thirsty. It searched for water here and there but couldn’t find. At last, it found a pot. There, the water was too low in the pot for the crow to reach. It thought for some time and got an idea. It gathered some pebbles and dropped them into the pot one by one. After some time, the water came up. The crow drank the water and flew away happily.

a. All the beautiful things are like nectar which is immortal.

b. It pours on us from heaven

c. Metaphor; Immortal drink.

THE OLD MAN AND HIS FOUR SONS 

Once there lived a farmer. He had four sons. The four sons always quarrelled with one another. One day the farmer fell ill. He was worried about his sons’ disunity and their future. He wanted to teach them a lesson to make them know the importance of unity. He called his sons. He gave them a stick each and asked them to break. The sons broke them easily. This time he gave a bundle of sticks each but the sons were unable to break them. They understood the value of unity. They decided not to quarrel. They lived happily. 

Moral: Unity is strength.

b) Tess’s brother

1. True

2. True

3. False

4. True

5. True

Reasons: 

1. Andrew’s parents had very little money and, therefore, they couldn’t pay his doctor’s bills. 

2. Tess’s parents were very poor and so they were moving to a smaller house. 

3. Tess’s parents were interested to take her little brother, Andrew, to the hospital. But they had little money. 

4. Andrew was seriously ill and so he needed an operation. 

5. Tess thought that “a miracle” was the medicine that was available in a medical store and as such she asked the chemist to give her ‘a miracle’.

The mother cares with warmth and the father kisses and embraces with love.

The little girl understood that ‘miracle’ was a kind of medicine.

c) a dollar and eleven cents.