TheFundamental Rights,Directive Principles of State PolicyandFundamental Dutiesare sections of theConstitution of Indiathat prescribe the fundamental obligations of the states to its citizens and the duties and the rights of the citizens to the State.[note 1]These sections comprise a constitutionalbill of rightsfor government policy-making and the behaviour and conduct of citizens. These sections are considered vital elements of the constitution, which was developed between 1947 and 1949 by the Constituent assembly of India.

TheFundamental Rightsare defined as the basichuman rightsof all citizens. These rights, defined in Part III of the Constitution, applied irrespective of race, place of birth, religion,caste, creed, or gender. They are enforceable by the courts, subject to specific restrictions. TheDirective Principles of State Policyare guidelines for the framing of laws by the government. These provisions, set out in Part IV of the Constitution, are not enforceable by the courts, but the principles on which they are based are fundamental guidelines for governance that the State is expected to apply in framing policies and passing laws.

TheFundamental Dutiesare defined as the moral obligations of all citizens to help promote a spirit of patriotism and to uphold the unity of India. These duties, set out in Part IV–A of the Constitution, concern individuals and the nation. Like the Directive Principles, they are not enforceable by courts unless otherwise made enforceable by a parliamentary law.

Guiding values of the Indian constitution: a)We, the people of India b)Sovereign c)Socialist d)Secular e)Democratic f)Republic g)Justice h)Liberty I)Equality j)Fraternity

give an account of the judicial administration in Madras between 1639to 1726