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a. b. c. Tetrachloroethane does not give the test for unsaturateion , i.e., it does not decolourise Br_(2) water solution. Explain why. d. e. Ricinoleic acid is isolated from castor oil. The structure of the compound is : f.Explain why 1,2-dimethyl cyclopenten or 1,2-dimethyl cyclohexen with HBr undergoes anti-( or trans-) addition but with aqueous acid undergoes both anti- and syn-( trans and cis-) additions.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :`a.`<img src="https://d10lpgp6xz60nq.cloudfront.net/physics_images/KSV_ORG_P1_C07_S01_099_S01.png" width="80%"/> <br/>`b.` <img src="https://d10lpgp6xz60nq.cloudfront.net/physics_images/KSV_ORG_P1_C07_S01_099_S02.png" width="80%"/> <br/> There are four chiral centrest centres and each of them shows various enentiomers also. <br/> <img src="https://d10lpgp6xz60nq.cloudfront.net/physics_images/KSV_ORG_P1_C07_S01_099_S03.png" width="80%"/> <br/>`(F), (G)` and `(H)` have four chiral centres , but `(I)` has only three chiral centres and each of them will show various enantiomers also. <br/> `c.` <img src="https://d10lpgp6xz60nq.cloudfront.net/physics_images/KSV_ORG_P1_C07_S01_099_S04.png" width="80%"/> <br/> Because of the `-I` effect of four `Cl` atoms `(i.e.,` electron withdrawing nature of chlorine `)` , the electron density at the double bond is greatly reduced and an attack by electrophilic bromin `(Br^(o+))` does not occur. Hence, it does not show the test for unsaturation. <br/> `d.` <img src="https://d10lpgp6xz60nq.cloudfront.net/physics_images/KSV_ORG_P1_C07_S01_099_S05.png" width="80%"/> <br/> `e.` There is <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/one-585732" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about ONE">ONE</a> `(C=C)` bond with different groups on each `(C=C)` bond and one chiral centre at `C=12` . It shows four geometrical land <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/optical-583872" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about OPTICAL">OPTICAL</a> isomers. <br/> <img src="https://d10lpgp6xz60nq.cloudfront.net/physics_images/KSV_ORG_P1_C07_S01_099_S06.png" width="80%"/> <br/> `f.` In non`-` <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/polar-1157435" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about POLAR">POLAR</a> solvents, the reaction proceeds through a briged cation such as brominimum ion and then `Br^(c-)` attacks the protonated complex from the opposite face resulting in trans `(` anti`-` addition `)`. <br/> <img src="https://d10lpgp6xz60nq.cloudfront.net/physics_images/KSV_ORG_P1_C07_S01_099_S07.png" width="80%"/> <br/> In the <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/presence-25557" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about PRESENCE">PRESENCE</a> of aqueous acid, since `H_(<a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/2-283658" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about 2">2</a>)O` is a good ion sovator, the protonated complex to the free `R^(o+)` that can now react with `Br^(c-)` from either face giving both syn`-` and anti `-` addition.<br/> <img src="https://d10lpgp6xz60nq.cloudfront.net/physics_images/KSV_ORG_P1_C07_S01_099_S08.png" width="80%"/> <br/> <img src="https://d10lpgp6xz60nq.cloudfront.net/physics_images/KSV_ORG_P1_C07_S01_099_S09.png" width="80%"/></body></html>


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