(a) ‘Marketing-Oriented Stage’: A company philosophy focused on discovering and meeting the needs and desires of its customers through its product mix. Market-oriented stage works in reverse, attempting to tailor products to meet the demands of customers. In essence, market-orientation can be thought of as a coordinated marketing campaign. 

(b) The two effects of crossing a cheque are: 

1. Crossing cheques provides a protection or safeguard against loss to the drawe by securing payment through a bank. 

2. It prevents fraudulent encashment. 

(c) Moral Suasion: Often termed simply ‘suasion’ it has been used to persuade banks and other financial institutions to keep to official guidelines. Under this method, central bank requests and persuades the commercial banks not to grant credit for speculative and non-essential activities. It is an informal and non- statutory method. 

(d) Advertising: Advertising consists of all the activities involved in presenting to a group a non-personal, oral, visual, openly sponsored message regarding a product, service or idea; this message called an advertisement, is disseminated through One or more media and is paid for by the identificed sponsor. It is a non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services. 

(e) Nuclear power as a form of energy: Advantage: The great advantage of using nuclear energy is the ratio of the amount of fuel used and the energy obtained. This also translates into savings in transport, water etc. 

Disadvantage: One of the main drawbacks is the generation of nuclear waste and the difficulty to manage them as they take many years to lose its radioactivity and dangerous.