(a) A : Gopal Krishan Gokhale – He belonged to the moderate section of the congress. B : Lala Lajpat Rai – He belonged to the extremist section of the congress. Objectives: The ultimate objective of the Moderates was to bring constitutional and other reforms in India by presenting their demands before the British in peaceful way. On the other hand, the Extremists believed in the ultimate objective of Swaraj Or self-rule. They wanted to put pressure on England through revolutionary methods, and political agitation. 

(b) Methods adopted by: 

Moderates: The Moderates had full faith in British sense of Justice and fairplay and believed that Indians needed a balanced presentation of its demands before the British rulers. 

Therefore they did not follow a policy of confrontation but highlighted their problems in the following manner: 

1. They organized meetings and passed resolutions to achieve popular demands. 

2. They submitted memorandums and petitions to the government. 

3. They criticized the wrong policies of the government through Press. 

4. They sent high-level delegations to England to present Indian viewpoint before the British government. 

Extremists: The Extremists favoured the use of force and revolutionary methods for achieving their aims. The Extremists followed harsh methods and assorted to passive resistance. 

They adopted the following methods for the struggle : 

1. The Extremists mainly relied on the strength of their masses. They converted the national movement into a mass movement. 

2. Swadeshi was adopted by the Extremists to hit the British. It was a clear cut break from the method adopted by the Moderates. 

3. National education and boycott were other methods to achieve Swaraj. Swadeshi and Boycott were two sides of the same coin intended as an economic challenge to the British rule. Boycott was based on the philosophy of passive resistance. It involved withdrawing all cooperation to the government by boycotting everything such as British goods, offices and education. They also laid stress on national education. There was a need for promoting an education which could strengthen the national feelings. On 15th Aug., 1906, the National Council of Education was set up. 

(c) The notable contributions of Lala Lajpat Rai in the freedom struggle were : 

1. Being an aggressive nationalist, he exhorted people to fight repression with full strength during the Anti-Partition agitation. 

2. He started a newspaper called “The Young India” to propagate his ideas of radical nationalism among the people of India. 

3. He motivated the people to take action against the British rulers rather than prayers and petitions. For this purpose he delivered many seditious speeches due to this he was arrested and deported to Mandalay in prison fpr six months. 

4. He was assaulted by a British sergeant while demonstrating against the Simon Commission in Lahore in 1928. This incident fuelled anti-British passion and enraged revolutionaries.