(a) When the quantity demanded decreases with the mcrease in price of the commodity, it is known as contraction in demand. There will be an upward movement. 

(b) The division of labour helps the producers to earn more monetary benefits in their productive activities in the following ways: 

1. Increase in production: With the division of labour, the workers become more skilled and efficient. They acquire higher speed in work, which ultimately results in more production. 

2. Improvement in quality: As the worker acquires greater skill in performing the work, it increases quality of production. The good quality product becomes more and more popular and accetable to the consumer. This increases the overall turnover and the net profit of the producer. 

(c) Degree of price elasticity of demand: 

1. Cosmetics: Relatively Elastic Demand. 

2. Medicine: Perfectly Inelastic Demand. 

3. School uniform: Relatively Inelastic Demand. 

4. Air conditioners: Relatively elastic demand. 

(d) Two factors affecting productivity of land: 

1. Fertility of land: The productivity of land is determined by its natural qualities and its fertility. In agriculture, a flat and levelled land is comparatively more productive than an undulating one. 

2. The agricultural productivity can be improved by proper and extensive use of manure and fertilizers along with adoption of mechanized methods. 

(e) Heavy indirect taxes on intoxicants, like wine or opium etc., serves a great social purpose because they limits the consumption of such harmful commodities and saves society.