C3, c4, c2 cycles

1.	C3, c4, c2 cycles
Answer» Sometimes in C3\xa0plants, RuBisCO binds to oxygen molecules and the reaction deviates from the regular metabolic pathway. The combination of RuBP and oxygen molecules leads to the formation of one molecule of phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycolate. This pathway is called photorespiration. During\xa0photorespiration, no sugar or ATP molecules are synthesized, but just CO2\xa0is released at the expense of ATP and the whole process is futile.However, C4\xa0plants do not undergo photorespiration due to their special mechanism to increase the CO2\xa0level for enzyme binding. During the Hatch and Slack Pathway, the C4\xa0acid, oxaloacetic acid (OAA) breaks down to release CO2. This ensures the high concentration of intercellular CO2. Thus, in C4\xa0plants, RuBisCO is more active as a carboxylase enzyme rather than as oxygenase. This is why C4\xa0plants have better productivity.

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