Class 11 Biology MCQ Questions of Excretory Products and their Elimination with Answers can be of extreme help as you will be aware of all the concepts.  These MCQ Questions for Class 11 with answers for a quick revision of the Chapter thereby helping you to enhance subject knowledge. 

let us explore MCQ Questions for class 11 Biology Excretory Products and their Elimination for better revision of the Chapter. Have a look at the MCQ Questions of Biology Class 11 and cross-check your answers during preparation.

Practice MCQ Questions for class 11 Biology Chapter-Wise

1. Presence of RBCs in urine is

(a) Uremia
(b) ketonuria
(c) Glucosuria
(d) hematuria

2. The yellow pigment derived from heme breakdown and excreted by kidneys is

(a) Uric acid
(b) Urochrome
(c) Cholesterol
(d) Melanin

3. What happens when the glomerular filtration rate falls?

(a) Activation of podocytes
(b) Release of renin
(c) Repression of juxta glomerular cells
(d) None of the above

4. Kidneys are located in

(a) thoracic cavity
(b) abdominal cavity
(c) body cavity
(d) pelvic cavity

5. The muscular tubes which take the urine from the kidneys to the bladder are

(a) Urinary bladders
(b) Ureters
(c) Urethras
(d) Nephrons

6. Most water and salts are reabsorbed in

(a) DCT
(b) Bowman s capsule
(c) PCT
(d) DCT and PCT

7. JG cells release

(a) angiotensin II
(b) aldosterone
(c) renin
(d) ANF

8. Nerves, blood vessels, and ureter enters the kidney through

(a) calyces
(b) hilum
(c) capsule
(d) cortex

9. The renal medulla consists of cone-shaped tissue masses called ...........

(a) Renal pyramid
(b) Adipose capsule
(c) Renal cortex
(d) Renal pelvis

10. Nephron is made up of

(a) Malpighian body
(b) Coiled tuble
(c) Both of the above
(d) None of the above

11. Excretory products of a mammalian embryo are eliminated by-

(a) Placenta
(b) Amniotic fluid
(c) Allantois
(d) Ureters

12. Malpighian corpuscles are present in :–  

(a) Cortex
(b) Medulla
(c) Germinal cells
(d) None of the above

13. The basic functional unit of the human kidney is:

(a) Nephron
(b) Nephridia
(c) Pyramid
(d) Henle's loop

14. Podocytes are present in

(a) Afferent arteriole
(b) Efferent arteriole
(c) Peritubular network
(d) Bowman's cup

15. Glucose is taken back from glomerular filtrate through:

(a) Active transport
(b) Passive transport
(c) Osmosis
(d) Diffusion

16. Brush border is characteristic of:

(a) Neck of nephron
(b) Collecting tube
(c) Proximal convoluted tubule
(d) All the above

17. In the renal tubules, the permeability of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to water is controlled by:

(a) Vasopressin
(b) Aldosterone
(c) Growth hormone
(d) Renin

18. Inner wall of urinary bladder is composed of

(a) Unstriped muscles
(b) Striped muscles
(c) Stratified epithelium
(d) Transitional epithilium

19. A person is undergoing prolonged fasting. His urine will be found to contain abnormal quantities of:

(a) fats
(b) amino acids
(c) glucose
(d) ketones

20. A notch present on the medial side of the kidney is known as

(a) Ureter
(b) Pelvis
(c) Hilus
(d) Pyramid

21. Which of the following components of blood does not enter into the nephron?

(a) plasma protein
(b) water
(c) urea
(d) glucose

22. In Prawn, excretion is carried out by

(a) Green glands
(b) Malpighian tubules
(c) Nephrons
(d) Flame cells

23. The sole mechanism for water reabsorption by the renal tubules is

(a) osmosis
(b) active transport
(c) cotransport with sodium ions
(d) cotransport with bicarbonate ions

24. The kidney of an adult frog is  

(a) pronephros
(b) mesonephros 
(c) metanephros
(d) opisthonephros 

25.  In mammals, the urinary bladder opens into

(a) Urethra
(b) Uterus
(c) Vestibule
(d) Ureter

Answer:

 1. Answer : (d) hematuria

Explanation: Hematuria – the presence of red blood cells in the urine – can be caused by a number of different conditions.

2. Answer : (b) Urochrome

Explanation: Urobilin is generated from the degradation of heme, which is first degraded through biliverdin to bilirubin. When urobilinogen is exposed to air, it is oxidized to urobilin, giving urine its yellow color.

3. Answer : (b) Release of renin

Explanation: When the rate of GFR lowers it then activates the juxtaglomerular cells that in turn release the renin hormone whose function is to stimulate the glomerular blood flow and thereby normalizes the GFR level.

4. Answer : (b) abdominal cavity

Explanation: Your kidneys are located in the back of your abdomen, just under your ribcage, on each side of your spine.

5. Answer : (b) Ureters

Explanation: The ureters are tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. In the adult, the ureters are usually 25–30 cm (10–12 in) long and 3–4 mm in diameter. The ureter is one of the essential organs of the urinary tract that controls urine transport.

6. Answer : (c) PCT

Explanation: Proximal convoluted tubule and Henle's loop of the nephron and collecting ducts of the kidney are all able to reabsorb either water or salt or both, making urine more concentrated.

7. Answer : (c) renin

Explanation: Specialized granule cells called juxtaglomerular cells or JG cells in the afferent arteriole release renin into the circulation. Renin is a proteolytic enzyme that converts an inactive plasma protein, an \(\alpha_2\) globulin, called angiotensinogen, into angiotensin I.

8. Answer : (b) hilum

Explanation: Ureters, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves enter and leave at the renal hilum. The renal arteries arise directly from the aorta, and the renal veins drain directly into the inferior vena cava.

9. Answer : (a) Renal pyramid

Explanation: Renal pyramids (or Malpighian pyramids or Malpighi's pyramids named after Marcello Malpighi, a seventeenth-century anatomist) are cone-shaped tissues of the kidney.

10. Answer : (c) Both of the above

Explanation: A nephron is composed of a glomerulus and a renal tubule. The renal tubule is subdivided further into the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, the distal convoluted tubule, and the collecting duct.

11. Answer : (a) Placenta

Explanation: The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply.

12. Answer : (a) Cortex

Explanation: Malpighian corpuscles are also known as renal corpuscles are the small part of nephrons that contains glomerulus (a knot of capillaries) surrounded by Bowman's capsule (a double-walled capsule). It occurs in the Cortex of the kidney and is involved infiltration.

13. Answer : (a) Nephron

Explanation: Nephron, a functional unit of the kidney, is the structure that actually produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood. There are about 1,000,000 nephrons in each human kidney.

14. Answer : (d) Bowman's cup

Explanation: Podocytes are highly specialized cells of the kidney glomerulus that wrap around capillaries and that neighbor cells of the Bowman's capsule.

15. Answer :  (a) Active transport

Explanation: Glucose is taken back from the glomerular filtrate by the proximal convoluted tubule by active transport.

16. Answer :(c) Proximal convoluted tubule

Explanation:  Brush borders are those found in the luminal (inner) surfaces of the small intestine and the proximal tubule of the kidney. They are made up of numerous microvilli projecting at the free surface of epithelial lining.

17. Answer : (a) Vasopressin

Explanation: ADH or vasopressin increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and collecting ducts (CD) to water by integrating aquaporin-2 channels into the membrane of DCT and CD.

18. Answer :(d) Transitional epithilium

Explanation: The urothelium is the inner lining of the bladder. It is made up of urothelial cells (also called transitional cells). The urothelium is also called the transitional epithelium.

19. Answer :(d) ketones

Explanation:  If a person is undergoing prolonged fasting, his urine will be found to contain abnormal quantities of ketones. During fasting, energy is obtained by the oxidation of reserved fats. As a result of fatty acid oxidation, large amounts of ketone bodies are produced such as acetoacetate, \(\beta-\)hydroxybutyrate, and acetone.

20. Answer : (c) Hilus

Explanation: Kidneys are surrounded by a capsule called renal capsule. The point at which the renal arteries and nerves enter the kidney and renal veins and ureter leave the kidney is called the hilum. It is a deep notch present on the inner surface of the kidney. So, the correct answer is 'hilus'.

21. Answer : (a) plasma protein

Explanation: Proteins will be present in blood plasma, but not present in glomerular filtrate or urine. This is because proteins cannot pass through the basement membrane during ultrafiltration and thus cannot form part of the filtrate.

22. Answer : (a) Green glands

Explanation: The main excretory organs of prawns are paired green glands. They are located within the second antennae which are the second pair of appendages, attached to the anterior part of the body. Each green gland consists of on endsac, labyrinth and a bladder.

23. Answer : (a) osmosis

Explanation:  Water reabsorption is by osmosis through water channels in the membrane. These water channels consist of a family of proteins called aquaporin. At least seven different aquaporin isoforms are expressed in the kidney.

24. Answer : (b) mesonephros 

Explanation:  Mesonephric kidney consists of a large number of tubules that develop internal glomeruli enclosed in capsules forming Malpighian bodies.

25.Answer : (a) Urethra

Explanation: Urine leaves the bladder via the urethra, a single muscular tube ending in an opening called the urinary meatus, where it exits the body.

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