1.The three states of matter are the three distinct physical forms that matter can take in most environments: solid, liquid, and gas. In extreme environments, other states may be present, such as plasma, Bose-Einstein condensates, and neutron stars.2.Adding or removing energy from matter causes a physical change as matter moves from one state to ANOTHER. For example, adding thermal energy (heat) to liquid water causes it to become steam or VAPOR (a gas). Physical changes can also be CAUSED by motion and pressure.3.The properties of matter include any traits that can be measured, such as an object's density, color, mass, volume, length, malleability, melting point, hardness, odor, temperature, and more.4.All samples of a pure substance have the same chemical and physical properties. For example, pure copper is always a reddish-brown solid (a physical PROPERTY) and always dissolves in dilute nitric acid to produce a blue solution and a brown gas (a chemical property).