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Define: endoplasmic reticulum (ER) , Golgi apparatus, mitochondia, lysosoms, vacuole, plastids

Answer» \xa0Golgi apparatus: Golgi apparatus appears as flattened sac like structure arranged parallely one above the other called as cisterns. Cisterns are membrane bound vesicles that keeps material inside the apparatus separated from outside cytoplasm. This cell organelle package and process material i.e. proteins and lipids in and out of cell. Golgi apparatus converts simple sugars into complex sugar. It also forms lysosomes.Lysosomes: \xa0Lysosomes are membrane bound, spherical shaped structure filled with digestive enzymes that are manufactured by RER. This cell organelle, digest waste by breaking it into small pieces and keeps cell clean. If cell gets damaged it digests its own cell. Hence, lysosome is also known as suicide bags of cell.Mitochondria:\xa0It is made up of inner and outer membrane. Outer membrane separates internal part of mitochondria from other cell organelles, whereas, inner membrane has folded structures called cristae. Mitochondria contains fluid called matrix containing DNA of mitochondria, ribosomes, etc. This cell organelles is called as powerhouse of cell\xa0as it stores energy in the form of ATP i.e. Adenosine Triphosphate molecule. These are generated on the folds of inner membrane. Energy stored in this cell organelle is used during chemical activities or while performing mechanical work. Mitochondria can generate protein due to presence of ribosomes.Plastids: This cell organelle is present only in cell cell appears like mitochondria. Plastids are made of large number of layers fixed in a material called stroma. It contains its own DNA and ribosomes. Plastids are of two types chromoplast i.e. coloured plastid and leucoplast i.e. white plastid. Plastids manufacture and store food in plants. Chromoplast in the form of chloroplast is used in photosynthesis. Leucoplast stores materials like starch, oil and proteins granules, etc.Vacuoles: This cell organelle stores solid or liquid material. In plants vacuoles are large taking maximum part of plant cell, whereas, in animal cells vacuoles are small. In plants, vacuoles stores material like amino acid, sugar, proteins, etc. turgidity of cells is due to vacuoles. In unicellular organisms vacuoles removes excess of water and waste material out of cell. It also stores food items consumed by organisms.


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