Environment simply means the surrounding. 

(i) Abiotic factors :

Temperature, soil, water, light

(ii) Biotic factors :

Microorganisms, plants, Animals

Temperature 

• Average temperature varies seasonally 
• Organisms may be Eurythermal or Stenothermal 

Eurythermal- wide range of temperature tolerance 

Stenothermal-Narrow range of temperature tolerance 

Water

• Influences life of organisms. No life without water.
• Productivity and distribution of plants are water dependent.
• Organisms may be Euryhaline or Stenohaline.
• Euryhaline- Wide range of salinity tolerence.
• Stenohaline- Narrow range of salinity tolerance. 

Light

• Photosynthesis and release of oxygen light dependent.
• Sciophytes need to use diurnal and seasonal light intensity of forage, migration and reproduction. 

Soil

• Nature and proportion of soil in a place depends on climate, weathering process and types of soil.
• Soil composition, grain size and aggregation determine percolation and water holding capacity of soil.
• Physical and chemical properties determine type of plants and Animals that survive in a habitat.