1.

define homologous and anologous in long answer

Answer»

Homologous organs are those organs which have similar anatomical structure and common evolutionary origin but they perform different functions.

For example -

Forelimbs of whales, bats, dogs, and human have similar anatomical structures.

Hearts of Vertebrates.

Analogous organs are those structures which perform same function but have different anatomical structure.

For example-

Eye of human and an eye of Octopus.

Wings of bird and wings of insects

Not all characters are homologies. For example, birds and bats both have wings, while mice and crocodiles do not. Does that mean that birds and bats are more closely related to one another than to mice and crocodiles? No. When we examine bird wings and bat wings closely, we see that there are some major differences. Bat wings consist of flaps of skin stretched between the bones of the fingers and arm. Bird wings consist of feathers extending all along the arm. These structural dissimilarities suggest that bird wings and bat wings were not inherited from a common ancestor with wings. Bird and bat wings are analogous — that is, they have separate evolutionary origins, but are superficially similar because they have both experienced natural selection that shaped them to play a key role in flight. Analogies are the result of convergent evolution. Interestingly, though bird and bat wings are analogous as wings, as forelimbs they are homologous. Birds and bats did not inherit wings from a common ancestor with wings, but they did inherit forelimbs from a common ancestor .



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