Drip irrigation involves application of water near the plant roots at short intervals through a network of piping system. It allows an irrigator to limit watering closely to the consumptive use of the plants. The crop yields are higher by adopting this method on account of increased water use efficiency. The water conveyance and application losses are minimized in this irrigation method. It is suitable for water scarcity and salt affected soils. Drip irrigation is highly suitable to wide spaced and high value crops like coconut, grapes, lime, banana, vegetables, mango, pomegranate, etc. 

Components of drip irrigation system: 

1. A drip irrigation system consists of a pump or overhead tank, main line, submains, laterals and emitters. The mains, sub-mains and laterals are usually made of black PVC (poly vinyl chloride) tubing. 

2. The main line delivers water to the sub-mains and the sub-mains to the laterals. 

3. The emitters which are attached to the laterals distribute water for irrigation. 

4. Other components include pressure regulator, filters, valves, water meter, fertilizer application components, etc.,

Pump 

The pump creates the pressure necessary to force water through the components of the system. Centrifugal pump operated by engines or electric motors are commonly used. The laterals may be designed to operate under pressures as low as 0.15 to 0.2 kg/cm² and as large as 1 to 1.75 kg/cm² . 

Chemical tank 

A tank may be provided at the head of the drip irrigation systems for applying fertilizers, herbicides and other chemicals in solution directly to the field along with irrigation water. 

Filter 

It is an essential part of drip irrigation system. It prevents the blockage of pipes and drippers/emitters. The filter system consists of valves and a pressure gauge for regulation and control. 

Emitters 

Drippers are provided at regular intervals on the laterals. The drippers allow water to trickle out at very low rates. The amount of water dripping out of each emitter in a unit time will depend on the pressure and size of the opening. The water coming out of the emitters is almost at atmospheric pressure.