1. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: In 1919 A.D. and under the orders of Mahatma Gandhi, strikes were called and processions were held in Punjab to oppose Rowlatt Act. Two famous leaders of Amritsar Dr. Kitchloo and Dr. Satpal were arrested on 10th April 1919 A.D. Indians took out a procession to oppose this Act. Government ordered to open fire at this procession. As a result, few people were killed. So Indians became angry and killed 5 British officers. The British Government called the Military in Amritsar city to control the situation.

Around 20,000 people gathered at Jallianwala Bagh of Amritsar on 13th April 1919 to oppose Rowlatt Act. General Dyer ordered to fire bullets at these people. People started to run here and there to save their lives. This garden was closed from three sides and the fourth side was covered by the soldiers. Just within a short span of time whole of the garden was filled with blood and dead bodies. Around 1000 people were killed in this massacre and 3000 persons were wounded. People got furious after knowing about this massacre.

2. Khilafat Movement: Turkey helped Germany against the British in the first world war. Turkish Sultan ‘Abdul Hamid II’ was considered as Khalifa or religious leader of Muslims of Indians. They helped the British in the war so that Khalifa of Turkey will not be treated badly at the hands of the British. But Turkey was divided into many parts by the British at the end of the war and Khalifa was imprisoned by the British.

So Indian Muslims started Khilafat Movement to oppose the British. Shaukat Afi, Muhammad Afi, Abul Kalam Azad and Azmal Khan were its main leaders. Mahatma Gandhi and Bal Gangadhar Tilak also took part in this movement to establish unity among Hindus and Muslims.