Thoughts of Laotse: The famous Chinese philosopher Laotse was born in 604 BC in a poor family in Hunan province of China. His original name was Lee. He assumed the title of Laotse ‘the ancient teacher’. He collected his ideas in the book Tao-TaChing. His ideology is called ‘Taoism’. 

The teachings and ideas of Laotse are the following.

1. The education of materialism increases the superstitions of the people. Physical knowledge is not a virtue. Humans should be naturalists. Nature should be the ultimate teacher. Simple living should be the code. 

2. Social freedom is possible only through rural cottage industries. 

3. There should be minimum government control for the advancement of the state. Ego increases arrogance, which leads to downfall. 

4. One should adopt friendly behavior even with the enemy. In exchange for harm, instead of revenge, there should be behavior of goodness rather than that of retaliation.

5. Fighting for the king was unnecessary. Innocent people were killed in wars. The life of peace was the proper path. 

6. Peace is the tao of development. Thoughts of Confucius: Famous philosopher Confucius was born in China’s ‘Lu’ province, in a traditional family in 551 BC. He introduced people to appropriate living as a Teacher due to his logical views.

The teachings and ideas of Confucius are the following :

• Education is the main means of building character. In schools, nothing should be taught about religion and history. Students must be taught literature, poetry, and science in higher educational institutions. 
• The teacher should have proper respect for the society. 
• We should respect our parents. 
• All should be treated with humble behavior. Respect of Guru, duties, and kindness to a friend are noble. Harsh speech, anger, jealousy, blasphemy should be discarded. 
• The king should be treated like a god. The tyrannical emperor should be removed from power by rebellion. State officials and employees ought to be compassionate, patient, fair, just and fearless and should not misuse the power of authority. 
• People must obey the law honestly. 
• The person who lives for others is a true human. 
• To became a virtuous, dutiful and selfless man, the five qualities must be compassion, knowledge, justice, truth and service.