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Difference between Mahalwari and Ryotwati system

Answer» Ryotwari system\tThis system of land revenue was instituted in the late 18th century by Sir Thomas Munro, Governor of Madras in 1820.\tThis was practiced in the Madras and Bombay areas, as well as Assam and Coorg provinces.\tIn this system, the peasants or cultivators were regarded as the owners of the land. They had ownership rights, could sell, mortgage or gift the land.\tThe taxes were directly collected by the government from the peasants.\tThe rates were 50% in dry land and 60% in wetland.\tThe rates were high and unlike in the Permanent System, they were open to being increased.\tIf they failed to pay the taxes, they were evicted by the government.\tRyot means peasant cultivators.Mahalwari system\tThe government of Lord William Bentinck, Governor-General of India (1828 to 1835) introduced the Mahalwari system of land revenue in 1833.\tThis system was introduced in North-West Frontier, Agra, Central Province, Gangetic Valley, Punjab, etc.\tThis had elements of both the Zamindari and the Ryotwari systems.\tThis system divided the land into Mahals. Sometimes, a Mahal was constituted by one or more villages.\tTax was assessed on the Mahal.\tEach individual farmer gave his share.\tHere also, ownership rights were with the peasants.\tRevenue was collected by the village headman or village leaders (lambardar).\tIt introduced the concept of average rents for different soil classes.\tThe state share of the revenue was 66% of the rental value. The settlement was agreed upon for 30 years.


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