1.

Discues the major features of Mugal provincial administration. How did the centre control the provinces?

Answer»

Solution :(i) Under the Akbar, the empire was divided into subas/province. The divisions of functions established at the centre was replicated in the province.
(ii) A governor (subadar), a diwan, a bakshi, a sadr, a qazi and a waqia nawai were appointed to each of the province. Subas were divided into sarkar/districts. They were divided into `parganas.. The lowest unit of administration was the village.
(iii) In each suba the diwan was directly subordinate to the Diwan-i-ala. Each suba had a Bakshi who worked under the central Mir Bakshi.
(iv) The local administration was looked after at the LEVEL of the pargana (sub-district) by three semi-hereditary officers, the qanungo (keeper of revenue records), the chaudhuri (in CHARGE of revenue collection) and the qazi.
(v) Each department of administration maintained a large support staff of clerks, accountants, auditors, messengers, and other functionaries who were TECHNICALLY QUALIFIED officials, functioning in accordance with standardised RULES and procedures, and generating copious written orders and records.


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