The heavenly state Kashmir has always been a trouble spot for India since independence. It has consumed a lot of lives, time, money and resources of India and Pakistan. Number of Wars were fought between two countries on this issue. However, no solution of this problem could be found till date. The origin of this problem started with the partition of Indian sub-continent along religious lines which led to the formation of India, Pakistan and East Pakistan which later became Bangladesh. 

The State of Jammu and Kashmir can be subdivided into three major regions: 

• Kashmir 

• Jammu 

• Ladakh. 

However, majority of the people living in Jammu and Kashmir were Muslims and it was ruled by a Hindu ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh. After Independence, Maharaja Hari Singh was unable to decide which nation should Kashmir join or whether it should remain independent. The National Conference Party under the leadership of Sheikh Abdullah, however, started an agitation for popular Government. On the other hand, Pakistan dashed all hopes on Maharaja Hari Singh to remain independent and started military campaign in Kashmir. Gradually, Pakistani invaders reached Baramula and Srinagar. Maharaja Hari Singh was left with no other option. 

He appealed for military assistance to Indian Government. Then, Jawaharlal Nehru, Indian Prime Minister accepted his appeal and thus, Instrument of Accession was signed and Kashmir was ceded to India. India sent its military force and thus, first war was fought between India and Pakistan over Kashmir. India referred this matter to UNO and the intervention of UNO brought the war to an end. Though Kashmir was integrated to India, a large portion is still under Pakistan administration. The ceasefire line which was agreed under UN supervision has been named as ‘Line of Control’. Around one third of the territory is under Pakistan administration and rest under India. However, Pakistan still considers Kashmir as its territory and thus, continues to fight proxy war.