Distinguish :Inductive effect and resonance effect

1.	Distinguish :Inductive effect and resonance effect
Answer» Inductive effect : 1. Presence of polar covalent bond is required. 2. The polarity is induced in adjacent carbon- carbon single (covalent) bond due to a presence of influencing group (more electronegative atom than carbon). 3. Depending on the nature of influencing group it is differentiated as +I effect and -I effect. 4. The direction of the arrow head denotes the direction of the permanent electron displacement. Resonance effect : 1. Presence of conjugated n electron system or species having an atom carrying p orbital attached to a multiple bond is required. 2. The polarity is produced in the molecule by the interaction of conjugated π bonds (or that between π bond and p orbital on the adjacent atom). 3. Depending on the nature of influencing group it is differentiated as +R and -R effect. 4. The delocalisation of n electrons is denoted by using curved arrows.

Answer»

Inductive effect :

1. Presence of polar covalent bond is required.

2. The polarity is induced in adjacent carbon- carbon single (covalent) bond due to a presence of influencing group (more electronegative atom than carbon).

3. Depending on the nature of influencing group it is differentiated as +I effect and -I effect.

4. The direction of the arrow head denotes the direction of the permanent electron displacement.

Resonance effect :

1. Presence of conjugated n electron system or species having an atom carrying p orbital attached to a multiple bond is required.

2. The polarity is produced in the molecule by the interaction of conjugated π bonds (or that between π bond and p orbital on the adjacent atom).

3. Depending on the nature of influencing group it is differentiated as +R and -R effect.

4. The delocalisation of n electrons is denoted by using curved arrows.

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