Merits of Mobile Networks:

1. Higher efficiency.

2. Increased ability to communicate in and out of the workspace.

3. Greater access to modem apps and services.

4. Improved networking capabilities.

5. Quality and flexibility of services.

6. Rapid developments in cloud technologies.

Demerits of Mobile Networks:

1. Cost 

2. Vulnerable to security risks. 

3. Additional training is needed to use new technology.

4. Cyber crime

Development:

The generations of mobile networks are as follows.

1. First Generation(lG) 1981- NMT launch

2. Second Generation(2G) 1991- GSM Launch

3. Second to Third Generation Bridge (2.5)2000 – GPRS launch

4. Third Generation! 3G) 2003 - first UK 3G launch

5. Fourth Generation (4G) 2007

6. Fifth Generation (5G) 2019+

1. First Generation (1G) 1981 – NMT launch: 

1. During the initial periods the mobile systems were based on analog trAnswer:mission.

2. NMT stands for Nordic Mobile Telephone communication.

3. And a very poor voice quality.

2. Second Generation(2G) 1991-GSM Launch: 

1. Later the second generation of mobile systems were placed on digital trAnswer:mission with GSM.

2. GSM stands for (Global System for Mobile communication) was most popular standard which is used in second generation, using 900MHz and 1800MHz for the frequency bands.

3. The transfer mission used as TMDA stands for (Time Division Multiple Access) and CDMA One stands for (Code Division Multiple’Access) method to increase the amount of information trAnswer:ported on the network

3. Second to Third Generation Bridge (2.5)2000 – GPRS launch:

1. GPRS was introduced here GPRS stands for (General Packet Radio Service). GPRS is a data service which enables mobile devices to send and receive messages, picture messages and emails.

2. GSM data transfer mission rates typically reached 9.6kbit/s.

4. Third Generation( 3G) 2003- first UK 3G launch:

1. This generation of mobile systems merges different mobile technology standards, and uses higher frequency bands for transfer mission and Code Division Multiple Access to delivery data rates of up to 2Mbit/s supports multimedia services (MMS: voice, video and data).

2Mbit/s supports multimedia services (MMS: voice, video and data).

2. Data transfer mission used a WCDMA. WCDMA stands for (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access).

3. Few 3G suppliers use ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) for their ‘over the air’ network with in MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) or IP for theirs backbone network.

5. Fourth Generation (4G) 2007: 

1. 4G is at the research stage. 4G was based on an adhoc networking model where there was no need for a fixed infrastructure operation.

2. Adhoc networking requires global mobility features (e.g. Mobile IP) and connectivity to a global IPv6 network to support an IP address for each mobile device.

3. Logically roaming in assorted IP networks (for example: 802.11 WLAN, GPRS and UMTS) were be possible with higher data rates, from 2Mbit/s to 10- 100Mbit/s, offering reduced delays and newly services.

6. Fifth Generation (5G) 2019+:

1. 5G is the stage succeeds the 4G (LTE/ WiMAx), 3G(units) and 2G(GSM) systems.

2. 5G targets to performance the high data rate, reduced latency, energy saving, cost reduction, higher system, capacity, and massive device connectivity.

3. The ITU IMT – 2020 provides speeds up to 20 gigabits per second it has been demonstrated with millimeter waves of 15 gigahertz and higher frequency.