1.

Explain different levels of management.

Answer»

The different levels of management are ; 

a. Top Management: They consist of the senior-most executives of the organisation by whatever name they are called. They are usually referred to as the chairman, the chief executive officer, president and vice-president. Their basic task is to integrate diverse elements and coordinate the activities of different departments according to the overall objectives of the organisation. 

The top level managers are responsible for the welfare and survival of the organisation. They analyse the business environment and its implications for the survival of the firm and formulates overall organisational goals and strategies for their achievement. 

b. Middle Management: Middle Management is the link between top and lower level managers. They are subordinate to top managers and superior to the first line managers. They are usually known as division heads, operations manager or plant superintendent. Middle management is responsible for implementing and controlling plans and strategies developed by top management. Their main task is to carry out the plans formulated by the top managers. 

For this they need to:

  • Interpret the policies framed by top management, 
  • Ensure that their department has the necessary personnel, – 
  • Assign necessary duties and responsibilities to them, 
  • Motivate them to achieve desired objectives, and 
  • Co-operate with other departments for smooth functioning of the organisation.

c. Supervisory or Operational Management: Foremen and supervisors comprise the lower level in the hierarchy of the organisation. Supervisors directly oversee the efforts of the workforce. Their authority and responsibility is limited according to the plans drawn by the top management. Supervisory management plays a very important role in the organisation since they interact with the actual work force and pass on instructions of the middle management to the workers.



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