In the conventional usage the term land indicates the upper layer/crust of the surface of earth. In economics, land is regarded as a natural factor of production. Besides agricultural land, it includes forests, mountains, rivers and other source of water on the surface of the earth; as well as mineral below the surface of earth. These resources are put to use for productive uses. Therefore, it is regarded as a natural resource for production.

Land is a free gift of nature. However, owing to its scarcity, it has become a ‘priced community’. Availability of land is limited and cannot be increased. Therefore, efficient use of land requires planning and technology.

Land is immobile factor of production. It cannot be shifted from one place to another. Fertility and usefulness of land differs from one place to another. Land in Rann of Kachchh is less fertile in comparison to Gangetic plains. However, the availability of mineral oil has made the deserts in West Asia very precious.