Answer» - An introduction of western education created awareness and feelings of nationalism among the African people.
- European colonies in Africa were involved in First World War. After the defeat of Germany in the war, allied nations began to compete with each other for occupying German colonies in Africa.
- On the advice of American President Woodrow Wilson, the ‘League of Nations decided with the mutual understanding that England, France, and Belgium should divide the colonies among themselves.
- The four British colonies namely Cape Colony, Natal, Orange Free State, and Transvaal were amalgamated and the state of South Africa was created in 1920.
- Egypt got its independence before the end of the Second World War. Following it Libya, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, and Ghana became independent one after another.
- In the middle of the 20th century in all the 12 French colonies, such as Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Mali in central Africa became independent. Somalia, Cameroon, and other European colonies under the care of ‘League of Nations became independent one by one.
- Algeria became independent by conducting a plebiscite in 1962. In 1964 Tanganyika and Zanzibar were amalgamated and ‘The United Republic of Tanzania’ came into existence.
- At the end of the Second World War Italy and Germany had to lose their colonies in Africa.
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