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Answer» i. Mineral oil and solar energy. | Points | Mineral oil | Solar energy | | Availability | (i) Limited in nature as it does not last perpetually. | (i) Availability depends on the intensity of sunrays and the duration of sunshine. | | Environment-friendliness | (i) It is not environment friendly as its generation leads to pollution. (ii) Being highly inflammable it may cause damage to the environment. | (i) Being pollution-free this is an environment-friendly source of energy. | | Advantages | (i) Cheap source of energy. (ii) Aids in thermal and atomic power generation. | (i) A solution to global warming. (ii) Cost effective, provides energy security. | | Drawbacks | (i) Pollutes the environment. (ii) Highly inflammable. | (i) Solar panels stop producing electricity after sunset. (ii) Expensive to store this energy. |
ii. Hydel power and power from geothermal source. | Points | Hydel power | Power from geothermal sources | | Availability | (i) Obtained from the kinetic energy of running water which is easily available. | (i) Underground heat is utilized to generate power and it is inexhaustible. | | Environment-friendliness | (i) Does not cause any degradation of the environment. | (i) It is an exhaustible energy resource that causes minimum pollution. | | Advantages | (i) Reuse of water is possible. Easy availability of water in most places. Energy generation is pollution-free. | (i) If used on a large scale and more efficiently it may reduce global warming. | | Disadvantages | (i) When water is not available it can’t produce electricity. (ii) Humans, flora, and fauna may lose natural habitat when hydel power plants are set up. | (i) Only a few sites have the potential to establish geothermal power plants. (ii) High installation cost is involved. (iii) The energy generation capacity is too small. |
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