Climate is the average condition of the atmosphere over an area over long period of time. The changes in the atmospheric conditions or weather elements are caused by several factors of climate. The most important factors of climate are: 

a. Latitude: The Latitudinal location is of prime importance as the temperature and humidity decrease from equator to the poles. But the distribution of pressure is contrasting as it decrease from polar regions to equator. Even the amount of rainfall generally decreases from equator to the poles. It indicates the relationship between latitude and climate, Son the isobars, Isotherms and Isohyets run east to west parallel to latitudes. It is clear that the climatic condition is normally almost similar and identical over the places on the same latitude.

b. Distance from the sea: The physical characteristics of land and water are quite different as they are in solid and liquid states. The land masses absorb temperature and loose it quickly than the water bodies. So the distribution of temperature and pressure conditions in different seasons of a year is contrasting. The interior land masses experience hot summers and cold winters.

Thus extremities prevail in the climatic condition. On the other hand in the coastal regions temperature condition is modified by the oceans to a large extent and thus experiences warm summers and mild winters. The amount of the interior. Similarly the range of temperature is maximum in the interior regions making it a continental climate. The coastal regions on the other hand, being much influenced by the oceans are described as Maritime climate or Oceanic climate.

c. Altitude: Climate is influenced by attitude in many ways. Attitude has a great effect on the distribution of heat, pressure, winds and precipitation. Temperature and pressure decreases with attitude. The wind is forced to rise, when they are obstructed by mountain ranges, and they give rainfall to the windward side. Mountain can obstruct the passage of cold or hot winds. In this way, attitude causes c changes in the atmospheric conditions.

d. Ocean currents: The warm ocean currents keep the coastal regions warm, while cold currents lessen the temperature of the costal areas. For instance: North West Europe coast and Western coast of America are washed by the warm Gulf stream and cold Labrador currents respectively. The moisture laden winds blowing over the warm currents also caused changes in the atmospheric conditions.

e. Slope of the land: The slope of the land also causes changes in atmospheric conditions. The slope that faces the ocean is warm. But the slope that does not face the sun is cold. For instance, the southern slopes of the Himalayas are warmer than the northern slopes.

f. Soil: Soil caused changes in atmospheric conditions. Rocky and sandy soil, which is dry, heats and cools faster. The soil which is wet and can retain moisture heats and cools slowly. Dark- colored soil absorbs heat faster than the light coloured soil.

g. Volcanic Activity: At the time of volcanic explosion, carbon dioxide, dust particles and ash are thrown out into the atmosphere, the carbon dioxide layer absorbs both solar and terrestrial energy, it affects the temperature and pressure of a regions.