The brain consists of three major parts, viz. hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. Its functions are as follows: 

i. Hindbrain

• Cerebellum: It helps in maintaining body posture and balance as well as aids in the coordination of movements. 
• Brain stem: Medulla oblongata controls the breathing rate, pulse rate, blood pressure, and digestion. Pons helps to transmit messages between the cerebellum and cortex.
• Reticular activation system: It is the ‘Alarm clock’ of the body. It maintains wakefulness, concentration, and alertness.

ii. Midbrain: 

It sends information to the upper part of the brain and controls eye movements.

iii. Forebrain:

• Cerebrum: Cerebral cortex controls higher-order mental processes such as attention, perception, learning, memory. The surface of the cerebral cortex is divided into right and left hemispheres. Neurons from the right hemisphere control the left side of the body and vice versa. Left hemisphere controls language, spatial relation, and pattern recognition. 
• Four lobes: Frontal lobe controls motor actions, thinking, memory and reasoning. The parietal lobe helps us in understanding information regarding skin. The occipital lobe controls our vision. The temporal lobe is responsible for hearing, understanding language, and memory for language.