Industrial development has facilitated urbanization in many parts of the country, e.g. Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmadabad, Nagpur, Surat, etc. These cities are suffering from high levels of pollution of water and air. According to Central Waste Water Regulation Board Ganga and its tributary Yamuna have become highly polluted because of numerous factories of leather, paper, fertilizer, chemicals and medicines along their banks. Similarly, Gomati near Lucknow has become polluted because of effluents from paper and sugar industries. Heaps of dead fish can often be seen in this river. According to a study, about 30% population of cities is suffering from respiratory diseases.

These diseases happen because of high level poisonous substances (carbon, lead, sulphur and other factors) in air. These substances react with nitrogen and oxygen that adversely affect human body, soil and water. This results in serious diseases that like cancer, blood disorders and skin disorders. One out of every 8 birds is on the verge of extinction in India. This is happening because of destruction of habitat and food of these birds due to industrialization, modes of transport and construction of roadways. Similarly, air pollution in cities causing acid rains which hampers soil fertility. Discharge of wastewater in rivers and lakes results in water pollution and soil pollution. Global warming is resulting in melting of glaciers which is drying up the sources of major rivers like Ganga and Yamuna.