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Answer» Reforms done under land reforms are as follows : - Abolition of Intermediaries : The chief weapon for stagnancy in agricultural sector were the Zamindars or intermediaries. It was not difficult to provide permanent system in states where land records and administrative machinery were already present. But in such states where land records were not available, implementing these in those states countered difficulties ie. Bihar, Odisha, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Saurashtra etc. The Zamindari, Ryotwari and Mahalwari systems were abolished, and laws were made for this. This created a direct contact between the farmers and the government.
- Tenancy Reforms : It was proposed that in the first five year plan the maximum lagaan should not exceed 1/5 to 1/4 of the total production. Ownership rights were given to the tenants. Laws were enacted in many states in this regard. More success was achieved in West Bengal, Karnataka and Kerala, as compared to other states.
- Consolidation of Holdings : The maximum limit of agricultural land kept by an individual or a family was fixed. The sub-division and fragmentation of holdings in the country took place due to various legal, social, economic and demographic reasons.
- Reorganisation of Agriculture : To resolve the problem of sub-division and fragmentation, the consolidation of holdings was done. Consolidation implied providing farmland at one place to the farmer instead of fields scattered around places in the village. The laws implemented by the government under land reforms could achieve partial success only. The Zamindars took advantage of the flaws in the laws and declared themselves to be farmers.
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