1.

Explain the variation of the following property of elements down a group and across a period.i. Metallic character ii. Nonmetallic character

Answer»

The variation observed in the metallic and nonmetallic character of elements can be explained in the terms of ionization enthalpy and electron gain enthalpy.

i. Metallic character:

  • The ionization enthalpy decreases down the group. Thus, the tendency to lose valence electrons increases down the group and the metallic character increases down a group.
  • However, the ionization enthalpy increases across the period and as a result metallic character decreases across a period.

ii. Nonmetallic character:

  • Electron gain enthalpy becomes less negative as we move down the group and hence, nonmetallic character decreases down the group.
  • However, electron gain enthalpy becomes more and more negative across the period and thus, nonmetallic character increases across the period.


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