ian Karl Emil Weber (/ˈveɪbər/;German: [ˈveːbɐ]; 21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920) was a German sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political economist. His ideas profoundly influenced social theory and social research.[6] Weber is often cited, with Émile Durkheim and Karl Marx, as among the three founders of sociology.Weber was a key proponent of methodological anti-positivism, arguing for the study of social action through interpretive (rather than purely empiricist) MEANS, based on understanding the purpose and meaning that individuals attach to their own actions. Unlike Durkheim, he did not believe in mono-causality and rather proposed that for any outcome there can be multiple causes.Max WeberWeber in 1894BornMaximilian Karl Emil Weber21 April 1864Erfurt, Province of Saxony, PrussiaDied14 June 1920(aged 56)Munich, Bavaria, GermanyNationalityPrussia (1864–1871)German Empire(1871–1918)Weimar Republic(1918–1920)Alma materUniversity of BerlinUniversity of HeidelbergKnown forWeberian bureaucracyDisenchantment ·Ideal typeIron cage · Life chancesMethodological individualismMonopoly on violenceProtestant work ethicRationalisation ·Social actionThree-component stratificationTripartite classification of authorityVerstehenInstrumental and intrinsic valueInstrumental and value rationalityScientific careerFieldsEconomicssociologyhistorylawpoliticsphilosophyInstitutionsUniversities of BerlinFreiburgHeidelbergViennaMunichDoctoral advisorLevin GoldschmidtInfluencesHermann Baumgarten[ Immanuel Kant ·Niccolò Machiavelli ·Friedrich Nietzsche ·Wilhelm Dilthey ·Heinrich Rickert ·John STUART Mill[ Georg Simmel ·Werner Sombart Ernst TroeltschInfluencedKarl Jaspers · Georg Simmel · Talcott Parsons · Ludwig VON Mises · György Lukács · Theodor W. Adorno · Carl Schmitt · Jürgen Habermas · Joseph Schumpeter · C. Wright Mills ·Cornelius Castoriadis · Ludwig Lachmann · Karl PolanyiWeber's main intellectual concern was understanding the processes of rationalisation, secularisation, and "disenchantment" that he associated with the rise of capitalism and modernity.[13] He saw these as the result of a new way of thinking about the world.[14] Weber is best known for his thesis combining economic sociology and the sociology of religion, elaborated in his book The Protestant Ethic and the SPIRIT of Capitalism, in which he proposed that asceticProtestantism was one of the major "elective affinities" associated with the rise in the Western world of market-driven capitalism and the rational-legal nation-state. He argued that it was in the basic tenets of Protestantism to boost capitalism. Thus, it can be said that the spirit of capitalism is inherent to Protestant religious values.