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In conductors, the outer electrons of each atom or molecule are weaklybound to the atom or molecule. So, these electrons are almost free to move throughout the conductor. Hence, these are called free electrons or conduction electrons. When such a conductor is in an electric field, the free electrons inside redistribute themselves on thesurface of the conductor in such a way that the electric field at every point inside the conductor is zero. Apply Gauss.s law try to prove that any excess static charge given to an insulated conductor resides entirely on its outer surface.

Answer» <html><body><p></p>Solution :As <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/show-642916" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about SHOW">SHOW</a> in Fig, <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/consider-2017521" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about CONSIDER">CONSIDER</a> a conductor of any arbitrary shape having a static charge. At an infinitesimal distance from the surface of the conductor construct a Gaussian surface lying inside the conductor. The <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/flux-993757" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about FLUX">FLUX</a> through this Gaussian surface <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/must-2185568" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about MUST">MUST</a> be zero since E is zero everywhere inside the conductor and on all points on the Gaussian surface. In accordance with Gauss.s law there can be no net charge inside the Gaussian surface. <br/> <img src="https://doubtnut-static.s.llnwi.net/static/physics_images/AKS_ELT_AI_PHY_XII_V02_A_C02_E01_018_S01.png" width="80%"/> <br/>This showsthat all the net charges must be on the surface of the conductor since the Gaussian surface is within an infinitesimal distance of the surface. Thus under static conditions, there can beno net charge inside a conducting body and all the charge must <a href="https://interviewquestions.tuteehub.com/tag/reside-613914" style="font-weight:bold;" target="_blank" title="Click to know more about RESIDE">RESIDE</a> on its surface. <br/> The fact that the field inside a conductor is zero holds good for a hollow conductor also. This phenomeno is used in electrostatic shielding to protect electrical instruments.</body></html>


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