| S.No | Name | Type of molecule | Location/site | Function (s) |
| (i) | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). | Shape: double helix; with many thousands of subunits | In nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts. | Acts as store of coded instructions; for synthesis of proteins needed by cells. |
| (ii) | Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). | Single-stranded; polymer, with hundred of subunits. | In nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes. | Made on DNA template; carry coded instruction for protein synthesis. |
| (iii) | Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA). | Single-stranded (ss), polymer of less than one hundred sub-units | Only occurs in ribosomes. | Makes part of ribosome structure; helps in locating mRNA. |
| (iv) | Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) | Single-stranded (ss), polymer of less than one hundred sub-units. | Occurs in cytoplasm. | Acts as amino acid carriers; takes specific amino acid from cytoplasm to mRNA template on the ribosomes. |
