(i)RNA Polymerase: It is an enzyme found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It catalyzes the transcription of DNA to synthesize precursors of tmRNA.

Taq DNA Polymerase: It is a thermostable DNA polymerase, originally isolated from bacterium, Thermus aquaticus. It is used in polymerase chain reaction. 

(ii) In-situ conservation: It means on-site conservation. It is the process of protecting an endangered plant or animal species in its natural habitat either by protecting or cleaning up the habitat itself, or by defending the species from predators. 

Ex-situ conservation: It means literally, “off-site conservation”. It is the process of protecting an endangered species of plant or animal by removing part of the population from a threatened habitat and placing it in a new location, which may be a wild area or within the care of humans e.g., Zoos, Botanical garden, etc. 

(iii) Micronutrients: Micronutrients are essential elements required by organisms in small quantities. They include microminerals and vitamins. 

Macronutrients: Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins and fats required in larger quantities than micronutrients in the body 

(iv) mRNA: mRNA is present in nucleus and functions in cytoplasm. It carries messages from DNA. 

tRNA: tRNA is an adapter present in cytoplasm. It recognizes and brings amino acids near ribosomes for protein synthesis. 

(v) Essential amino acid: The essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the human body and are obtained from food. 

Non-essential amino acid: The non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the human body. They can be produced from other amino acids and substances in the diet and metabolism.