Explanation:                                                   Chapter-9                                    People as RESOURCE(Notes)Human ResourceThe working people in a country in terms of their abilities and skills. It contributes to the  Gross NATIONAL Product (GNP).Human Capital FormationWhen the existing human resource is further educated and health facilities are extended to  all the people, then it is called human capital formation. Investing in human capital (health, training, education, etc.) produces returns  similar to investing in physical capital. Higher incomes are earned because of the  high productivity of the educated and trained persons. Human capital is more important than other resources such as the physical capital. Human capital can utilize physical capital, but physical capital cannot become useful  themselves. Population, which was EARLIER considered a liability, can become an asset if proper  investment is made on human capital. E.g. investing in education, health, training  man power, scientific research, etc. Investment on education is a major advantage as it improves the total productivity,  which adds to the overall economic growth. Classification of Economic ActivitiesDifferent occupational activities are divided into three main sectors: primary,  secondary and tertiary. Primary sector: agriculture, forestry, fishing, animal husbandry, mining,  poultry farming, etc. Secondary sector: manufacturing and construction. Tertiary sector: transport, communication, trade, banking, health services,  tourism, insurance, etc. Economic activities can be divided into marketing activities and non marketing activities. Marketing activities: tasks performed for profit. E.g. goods production,  government services, etc. Non-marketing activities: production for own consumption. Quality of Population EducationAdds to the national income and sustains morality and cultural richness. The Sarva Siksha Abhiyan aims at providing education to all children WITHIN  the age group of six to fourteen years by 2010. The Mid-day Meal Scheme has been incorporated with the literacy campaigns for improving a child’s health status and nutrition.In the last 50 years, the number of institutions and universities has significantly  increased in India. Health An unhealthy individual is not an asset but a liability for a country. The national policy of our country aims at improving the health care, with  special emphasis on the under-privileged sections of society.  Unemployment In India, unemployment prevails in the rural and urban areas.Rural areas: Seasonal and Disguised unemployment. Urban areas: Educated unemployment. Seasonal unemployment occurs when an individual remains unemployed only  during a particular period in a year. It happens mostly with people engaged in  agriculture where, when the field work and cultivation is complete, they become  jobless until the next season. Disguised unemployment occurs when people appear to be employed or  involved in a job. If four people get the work done in a field, adding three more to it  would not create a different IMPACT. If these extra three are removed, it would not  harm the productivity. Educated unemployment happens when an educated individual is not able to  find a job. Unemployment results in wastage of man- power resource. Unemployed people  become a liability on the society. Increases economic overload. Dependence on the working population increases. In India, agriculture sector involves maximum labour force. But, owing to disguised  unemployment, there has been a fall in the population’s dependence on agriculture. In the secondary sector, maximum labour is absorbed by the small scale  manufacturers. In the tertiary sector, there are new opportunities evolving in the fields of   biotechnology, information technology, etc.