Numerous causes gave rise to the First War of Independence and its con

1.	Numerous causes gave rise to the First War of Independence and its consequences led to several changes in the British Government in India. In this context, answer the following : (a) Explain any three political causes of the Revolt of 1857.(b) Briefly explain the immediate cause of the Great Revolt.(c) State any four changes in the administration of the British Government as a consequence of the Revolt.
Answer» (a) (i) Lord Dalhousie’s policy of annexation and the Doctrine of Lapse made the Indian rulers angry and insecure. The prominent states which fell victim to the Doctrine w’ere : Satara, Jhansi and Nagpur. (ii) Lord Canning declared that Bahadur Shah’s successor would not be allowed to use the imperial title, i.e. the ‘King’. (iii) Lord Dalhousie stopped the pension of Nana Saheb. (b) The immediate cause was the introduction of Enfield rifles. There was a rumour that, the cartridges to be used for the rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs. This sparked off the Mutiny. On 10th May, 1857 all the three sepoy regiments at Meerut rose in revolt. (c) (i) End of Company’s Rule : The Revolt ended the East India Company’s rule in India and the Indian empire came under the direct control of the British Crown. Queen Victoria became the Empress of India. (ii) Position of Secretary of State : The Act of 1858 abolished the Company’s Board of Control and the Court of Directors. All their powers were transferred to a Cabinet Minister, known as the Secretary of State. He was to be advised by a Council consisting of 15 members. (iii) Position of Governor-General: The designation of the Governor-General was changed. He was designated as the Viceroy while representing the British government in England. It was his duty to run the Indian administration on behalf of the Crown. He was under the control of the Secretary of State for India. (iv) Appointments to the Civil Service : It was decided that appointments to the Civil Service were to be made by open competition under rules made by the Secretary of State in Council.

Numerous causes gave rise to the First War of Independence and its consequences led to several changes in the British Government in India. In this context, answer the following : (a) Explain any three political causes of the Revolt of 1857.(b) Briefly explain the immediate cause of the Great Revolt.(c) State any four changes in the administration of the British Government as a consequence of the Revolt.

Answer»

(a) (i) Lord Dalhousie’s policy of annexation and the Doctrine of Lapse made the Indian rulers angry and insecure.

The prominent states which fell victim to the Doctrine w’ere : Satara, Jhansi and Nagpur.

(ii) Lord Canning declared that Bahadur Shah’s successor would not be allowed to use the imperial title, i.e. the ‘King’.

(iii) Lord Dalhousie stopped the pension of Nana Saheb.

(b) The immediate cause was the introduction of Enfield rifles. There was a rumour that, the cartridges to be used for the rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs. This sparked off the Mutiny. On 10th May, 1857 all the three sepoy regiments at Meerut rose in revolt.

(c) (i) End of Company’s Rule : The Revolt ended the East India Company’s rule in India and the Indian empire came under the direct control of the British Crown. Queen Victoria became the Empress of India.

(ii) Position of Secretary of State : The Act of 1858 abolished the Company’s Board of Control and the Court of Directors. All their powers were transferred to a Cabinet Minister, known as the Secretary of State. He was to be advised by a Council consisting of 15 members.

(iii) Position of Governor-General: The designation of the Governor-General was changed. He was designated as the Viceroy while representing the British government in England. It was his duty to run the Indian administration on behalf of the Crown. He was under the control of the Secretary of State for India.

(iv) Appointments to the Civil Service : It was decided that appointments to the Civil Service were to be made by open competition under rules made by the Secretary of State in Council.

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