Question : Describe the process of fermentation in detail.

1.	Question : Describe the process of fermentation in detail.
Answer» Solution :In fermentation by yeast, the incomplete oxidation of glucose is achieved under anaerobic conditions by sets of reactions where pyruvicacid is converted to `CO_(2)`and ethanol . `C_(6) H_(12) O_(6) to 2CH_(3)CO*CO O H to 2C_(2) H_(5) OH to 2CO_(2)` The enzymes, pyruvic acid, decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenasecatalyse thesereactions . Other organismslike some bacteria produce lactic acid from pyruvic acid . In animal cells also, like muscles during exercise, when oxygen is INADEQUATE for cellular respiration pyruvicacid is reduced to lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase. The REDUCING agent is `NADH + H^(+)`which is reoxidised to `NAD^(+)`in boththe processes. In bothlactic acid and alcohol fermentation not much energy is RELEASE. Less than 7% of the energy in glucose is released and not all of it is trapped as high energy bonds of ATP . Also, the processes are hazardous. Inthis synthesis 4 ATP are formed and 2 ATP are used meansbenefit of 2ATP occurs. When the proportion of alcohol is more then 13% it becomes poisonous for yeast. It becomes the CAUSE of its death . Ineukaryotes these steps take place within the mitochondriaand this requires `O_(2)` . Aerobic respiration is the process that leads to a complete oxidation of organicsubstances in the presenceof oxygen and releases `CO_(2)` water and a large amountof energy present in the substrate.

Discussion