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Question : Given an accountof structureand functions of hindbrain.

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Solution :1. STRUCTURE of hindbrain :
(1) Hind brainincludescerebellum pons Varolii and medullaoblongata.
(2) CEREBELLUM is 11% of the total brainand is the second largestpart of thebrain.
(3) It has THREE lobes, medianvermis and lateraltwo cerebellarhemispheres.it hasoutergreyand innerwhitematter.
(4)Cerebellar cortexshows sulciand gyri. Theinnerwhite matter ofcerebellarmedullas showsarborviataeor branchingtree-likeprocesses.
(5) Ponsis the part that connectsthe two cerebellarhemi-spheres.It has outer whiteand innergrey matter. Pons is made up of nerve fibreswhich form bridgesbetweencerebrumand medulla oblongata.
(6) Medullaoblongatais thelastpart of the hind brainwhichcontinues furtheras a spinalcord. It has outerwhite andinner greymatter.
(7) Internally it has posterior choroidplexus.
(8) Eight PAIRSOF cranialnervesarisefrom medulla oblongata.
2. Functions of hind brain.
(1) Cerebellum :
(1) Cerebellum is a primarycentre for the control of equilibrium,posture , balancing and orientation.
(2) Neuromuscular activities are regulatedby the cerebellum.
(3)Coordinationof walking, running , speaking , etc.is under thecontrolof hindbrain.
(2) Pons :
(1) Activities of the two cerebellarhemispheres are coorinated by pons.
(2) Nervefibrescross over in this area andthus the right side of the brain controlsthe leftpart of the bodyand viceversa.
(3) Pons controlsthe consciousness of the brain.
(4) Breathingcentre islocatedin pons along withmedulla.
(3) Medulla oblongata :
(1) Medullaoblongatacontrolsall theinvoluntary activities such as heartbeats,respiration, vasomotoractivities
(2) Peristalsisand reflexactionssuch ascoughing. sneezing, swallowing, etc.are alsounder thecontrolof medullaoblongata.
(3) Medullaoblongatais essentialfor all the virtal functions of the body.


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