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Read the passage and answer the questions.As a part of India’s policy to use atomic energy for peaceful purposes, India successfully carried out an underground test of an atomic device at Pokharan in Rajasthan in 1974. In 1975, the people of Sikkim voted for joining the Indian republic and Sikkim became a full-fledged State in the Indian federation. During this decade, the political situation in India grew unstable. The Allahabad High Court gave the verdict in 1974 that Indira Gandhi; the then Prime Minister had misused the government machinery during her election campaign. It led to nationwide strikes and protest. During this period, the situation became more complicated due to the movement led by Jayprakash Narayan. The situation of law and order in the country worsened and the government declared a state of National Emergency on the basis of the constitutional provisions relating to Emergency. During this turbulent period, the fundamental rights of Indian citizens were suspended. Due to the emergency, the Indian administration became disciplined, but the human rights were restricted. The period of national emergency lasted from 1975 to 1977 and after that general elections were conducted. On the backdrop of the emergency, many opposition parties came together and formed a party called the Janata Party. The Congress party led by Indira Gandhi was roundly defeated by this newly formed ‘Janata Party’. Morarji Desai became the Prime Minister, but under his leadership the Janata Party government couldn’t last long due to internal differences. Charan Singh succeeded him, but even his government was a short-lived one. Elections were conducted once again in 1980 and the Congress party under the leadership of Indira Gandhi came to power again.(i) Enlist incidents that culminated in Indira Gandhi’s rise to power post the verdict of Allahabad High Court.(ii) Which state became a constituent state of India in 1975?(iii) Why do you think India conducted a nuclear test in Pokhran in 1974? |
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Answer» (i) Following incidents paved the way of Indira Gandhi back to power:
(ii) Sikkim voted to join the Indian Republic and it became a full – fledged state of Indian Republic in 1975. (iii) India conducted Nuclear tests for two reasons: (i) to keep Pakistan’s aggression under check post 1971 war. (ii) To initiate peaceful and constructive use of atomic energy |
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