State the Radioactivity.

1.	State the Radioactivity.
Answer» Radioactivity is the phenomenon in which nuclei of a given species transform by giving out a or b or g rays; a-rays are helium nuclei; b-rays are electrons. g-rays are electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths shorter than X-rays; A. H. Becquerel discovered radioactivity in 1896 purely by accident. Experiments performed subsequently showed that radioactivity was a nuclear phenomenon in which an unstable nucleus undergoes a decay. This is referred to as radioactive decay. Three types of radioactive decay occur in nature : (i) α-decay in which a helium nucleus ⁴₂He is emitted; (ii) β-decay in which electrons or positrons (particles with the same mass as electrons, but with a charge exactly opposite to that of electron) are emitted; (iii) γ-decay in which high energy (hundreds of keV or more) photons are emitted. Each of these decay will be considered in subsequent sub-sections.

Answer»

Radioactivity is the phenomenon in which nuclei of a given species transform by giving out a or b or g rays; a-rays are helium nuclei; b-rays are electrons. g-rays are electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths shorter than X-rays;

A. H. Becquerel discovered radioactivity in 1896 purely by accident. Experiments performed subsequently showed that radioactivity was a nuclear phenomenon in which an unstable nucleus undergoes a decay. This is referred to as radioactive decay.

Three types of radioactive decay occur in nature :

(i) α-decay in which a helium nucleus ⁴₂He is emitted;

(ii) β-decay in which electrons or positrons (particles with the same mass as electrons, but with a charge exactly opposite to that of electron) are emitted;

(iii) γ-decay in which high energy (hundreds of keV or more) photons are emitted. Each of these decay will be considered in subsequent sub-sections.

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