The early Congressment were liberal in their views and programmes. Thi

1.	The early Congressment were liberal in their views and programmes. This led to the rise of Assertive Nationalists who demanded more forceful action against the British. In this context discuss the following : (a) Reasons why the early Congressmen were called Moderates.(b) How did Moderates differ from the Assertive Nationalists in realizing their objectives.(c) How did Tilak bring a new wave in Indian politics that was distinct from the early Congressmen ?
Answer» (a) The early Congressmen were called Moderates because : 1. They were in favour of British rule. 2. There attitude was not anti-British. They had unlimited faith in the British sense of justice. 3. Petitions, prayers and pleas were the method used by them. (b) (i) The Moderates wanted to achieve self government, they did not aim for total independence. They demanded certain reforms and concessions from British government because they wanted to develop India under the guidance of benevolent British rule. On the other hand, Extremists wanted Swaraj i.e., complete independence. (ii) Moderates were loyal to British rule and English crown. They considered British rule a gift for India. The Extremists were not loyal to British rule and they considered it as a curse and wanted to uproot it from India. (iii) The moderates believed in adopting constitutional and peaceful method to achieve their objective. They had full faith in British sense of justice. Extremists believed in non co-operation and adopted method of boycott against foreign goods and propagation of swadeshi and national education. They believed in Indian culture, civilization, religion and tradition. Whereas Moderates believed in British culture. (iv) Moderates believed that Indians were not fit to rule. Under the moderates, national movement was not a popular movement, it had no touch with people. While under extremists, people came under them. (c) (i) Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a fearless fighter. He had no faith in the methods of prayers and petitions. (ii) It was his firm conviction that independence would come to India only when the Indians were strong to snatch it from the British hands. (iii) His weeklies, The Mahratta and The Kesari made bitter attacks on the Government. He used his newspapers as powerful weapons to spread discontent against British rule. (iv) It was under his influence that the Congress in its annual Session in 1906 had to pass resolutions regarding Swaraj. He said Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it. (v) Bal Gangadhar Tilak wanted to extend Swadeshi and Boycott movements as the normal methods of agitation.

The early Congressment were liberal in their views and programmes. This led to the rise of Assertive Nationalists who demanded more forceful action against the British. In this context discuss the following : (a) Reasons why the early Congressmen were called Moderates.(b) How did Moderates differ from the Assertive Nationalists in realizing their objectives.(c) How did Tilak bring a new wave in Indian politics that was distinct from the early Congressmen ?

Answer»

(a) The early Congressmen were called Moderates because :

1. They were in favour of British rule.

2. There attitude was not anti-British. They had unlimited faith in the British sense of justice.

3. Petitions, prayers and pleas were the method used by them.

(b) (i) The Moderates wanted to achieve self government, they did not aim for total independence. They demanded certain reforms and concessions from British government because they wanted to develop India under the guidance of benevolent British rule. On the other hand, Extremists wanted Swaraj i.e., complete independence.

(ii) Moderates were loyal to British rule and English crown. They considered British rule a gift for India. The Extremists were not loyal to British rule and they considered it as a curse and wanted to uproot it from India.

(iii) The moderates believed in adopting constitutional and peaceful method to achieve their objective. They had full faith in British sense of justice. Extremists believed in non co-operation and adopted method of boycott against foreign goods and propagation of swadeshi and national education. They believed in Indian culture, civilization, religion and tradition. Whereas Moderates believed in British culture.

(iv) Moderates believed that Indians were not fit to rule. Under the moderates, national movement was not a popular movement, it had no touch with people. While under extremists, people came under them.

(ii) It was his firm conviction that independence would come to India only when the Indians were strong to snatch it from the British hands.

(iii) His weeklies, The Mahratta and The Kesari made bitter attacks on the Government. He used his newspapers as powerful weapons to spread discontent against British rule.

(iv) It was under his influence that the Congress in its annual Session in 1906 had to pass resolutions regarding Swaraj. He said Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it.

(v) Bal Gangadhar Tilak wanted to extend Swadeshi and Boycott movements as the normal methods of agitation.

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