Answer:

Explanation:

Himalayas are fold MOUNTAIN formed due to the orogeny caused by convergence of Eurasian plate and Austro-India plate. These fold mountain, being relatively young are still very geo-dynamic. The instability throughout the year makes it prone to landslides which are large scale HAZARDOUS movement of rock and debris down the slope of a mountain.

Causes of landslides in Himalayas:-

Natural causes:- Geographical location of Himalayas at the confluence of the Eurasian and Indian plate makes it geologically very active and the causes regular earthquakes which at times tigger massive landslides.

Himalayan region in general, receives very heavy rainfall which leads to erosion and surface runoff which are potent causes of landslides.

The steep SLOPES of Himalayan mountains are very conducive for massive debris flow and cause catastrophic landslides.

Anthropogenic causes:- Indiscriminate CUTTING down of trees causes the top soil to loosen and cause landslides.

Blasting for mining works and also for constructing ROADS in the hilly region cause sudden vibration triggering a landslide. Same can be said about using heavy Earth movers and vibrating machines for construction works.

Specially, slash and burn agriculture leads to collapsing of top soil under gravity.

Measures of mitigation:- Afforestation, controlled and scientific farming methods would increase the soil cover.

A vulnerability mapping would provide an advance preparedness for subs hazards.

Limiting such activities and avoid using equipments or technology that increase the stress.