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"The Non-Cooperation Movement was training for self rule," Analyze the statement of American biographer Louis Fisher in the context of Indian Nationalism.

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Solution :Gandhiji hoped that by coupling Non-cooperation with Khilafat, the Hindus and Muslims collectively will bring an end to the British rule.These movemnents were a surge of popular action that was unprecedented in colonial rule. The people were asked to stop attending schools, colleges and law courts, and not pay taxes. In sum, they were asked to adhere to a "renunciation of (voluntary association with the (British) Government". If non-cooperation was effetively carried out, said Gandhiji, India win SWARAJ within a year.
Consquently, students stopped going to schools and colleges run by the government. Lawyers refused to attend court. The working class went on strike in MANY towns and cities. According to official figures, there were 396 strikes in 1921, involving 600,000 workers and a loss of seven million workdays. The countryside was filled with DISCONTENT too. Hill tribes in Northern Andhra violated the forest laws. Farmers in Awadh did not pay taxes and peasants in Kumaun refused to carry loads for colonial officials.
These protest movements were sometimes carried out in defiance of the local nationalist leadership. Peasants, workers, and others interpreted and acted upon the call to "non-cooperate" with colonial rule in ways that best suited their interests. The main ideas behind the movement were Satya, Satyagraha, Ahimsa, Selfdiscipline. The British Raj was shaken to its foundation. The non copreation movement. brought people from different parts of the country to fight against the British. People of all castes and creeds participated in the movement, Pcople from all classes of society participated in the movement. Khadi, promotion of village industries, Hindu-Muslim unity, abolition ountouchability, boycott of British goods and social reforms werc an imporantpart of the movement. Chauri Chaura incident forced Gandhi to call off the Non-Cooperation Movement. In words of MAHATMA Gandhi's American biographer Louis Fischer, "Non-cooperation became the name of an epoch in the life of India and of Gandhiji. Non-cooperation was negative enough to be peaceful but positive enough to be effective. It entailed denial, renunciation, and SELF discipline. It was training for self-rule."


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