(a) The President is elected by the members of an Electoral College consisting of the elected members of both Houses of Parliament and of the Legislative Assemblies of the states and the Union Territories of Delhi and Puducherry. 

(b) (i) National Emergency: It is declared when president of India is satisfied that the security of India or any part there of is threatened or is likely to be threatened by war or external aggression. 

(ii) Financial Emergency: It is declared when financial stability or credit of India is threatened. 

(iii) Constitutional Emergency: It is declared when the government of a state Cannot run according to the provisions of the constitution or when a state government is unable to carry out the directions of the Union government due to a political deadlock or failure. 

(c) Executives powers of the President: 

1. Power to appoint and remove the High Dignitaries of the state like Attorney— General of India, Auditor-General of India, chief justice and judges of the Supreme Courts and the High Courts, etc. 

2. Administration of Union Territories and Border Areas. 

3. President is the head of all Union officials. All executive orders are issued in the name of the President. 

4. Control over the State Governments during President’s rule.