(a) Composition: The Supreme Court of India consists of a Chief Justice of India and not more than twenty five other judges, until Parliament by law prescribes a larger number. The chief justice of the supreme court with the prior consent of the President may appoint some judges to the supreme court on an adhoc (temporary) basis. 

(b) An independent judiciary means a justice system that is not influenced by either the legislative or executive branch. It is free to make decisions based upon law, not upon men or pressure from other groups. An independent judiciary is created to guarantee equal justice to all. Judges and juries are free from influence and can make fair and honest decisions about cases.

(c) Independence of Judiciary: 

The Constitution of India ensures the independence of the Judiciary through the following measures: 

(i) appointment of judges; 

(ii) removal of judges; 

(iii) security of tenure of the judges; 

(iv) security of salaries and service conditions; 

(v) freedom to announce decisions and decrees in the court; 

(vi) punishment for contempt of court; 

(vii) no discussion in the legislature on the conduct of judges; and 

(viii) prohibition of practice after retirement.