(a) (i) Three ruling dynasties were destroyed Romonov, Hohenzollern and Hapsburg. 

(ii) Rule of Ottomans came to an end.

(iii) Austria-Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yogoslavia became separate independent states. 

(b) (i) It was given full control over the rich coal mines in the Saar basin although the area was governed by the League of Nations. 

(ii) It was also given some regions of Togo and Cameroons (South East Africa). 

(iii) Alsace-Lorraine captured from France in the France-Russian war (1871) was returned to France. 

(c) Rise of Fascism: 

1. Discontentment after the treaty of Versailles: Italy had joined the AngloFrench alliance against Germany and her allies in the First World War as Britain had promised large chunks of territory after their victory. However the promise went unkempt to a certain extent. She had only two islands in the Adriatic and Aegean seas. Among Italians there was a feeling of being let down. 

2. Economics crises in Germany and Italy, heavy losses, unemployment, shortage of food grains at the end of the war, thousands of soldiers in Italy had become unemployed. Industrialisation had not progressed and unemployment was on the rise. Even the unemployed working class felt the pinnacle of inflation with low wages and poor working conditions. There were frequent strikes and agrarian riots. 

Rise of Nazism : 

1. The Germans felt hurt, anger and humiliation by the terms of the treaty of Versailles. They blamed the leaders of the Wiener Republic for accepting the heavy penalties imposed on her. All her colonies were taken away. Many of her territories were shared by the European powers. She was militarily weak. 

2. The first World War had ruined German economy. The heavy burden of war penalties had made her recovery more difficult. She had to borrow heavily from other countries. Inflation and unemployment went hand in hand. Thus between 1924 and 1933 the Nazi party ranks were swelling with German youth.